Figure 4. ATP supplementation recovered the suppression of invasion in autophagy-deficient HTR8/SVneo cells.

a) Invasion assays were performed with HTR8-Atg4B^C74A mutant cells (upper panel), the autophagy-deficient EVT cell line, or HTR8-mStrawberry cells (lower panel), the control cell line, under DMSO (control) or 250 µM CoCl₂ in the presence (black bars) or absence (white bars) of 100 µM ATP for 48 h. The Y-axis indicates the number of invading cells. b) Invasion assays were performed with HTR8-Atg4B^C74A mutant cells under 250 µM CoCl₂ in the presence of increasing concentrations of ATP, as indicated for 48 h. The Y-axis indicates the number of invading cells. These experiments were independently performed at least three times.