Table 3. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for cardiovascular disease.
| Characteristic | CVD | Stroke | CHD | Heart failure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| GD | 1.32 (1.22-1.43)*** | 1.15 (1.01-1.32)* | 1.42 (1.28-1.58)*** | 1.31 (1.00-1.73)# | ||
| Male gender | 1.08 (1.01-1.15)* | 1.36 (1.22-1.51)*** | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | 0.81 (0.64-1.02) | ||
| Age (in years)a | ||||||
| 31-40 | 2.33 (1.76-3.09)*** | 2.71 (1.56-4.72)*** | 2.35 (1.65-3.34)*** | 1.30 (0.46-3.69) | ||
| 41-50 | 4.45 (3.41-5.81)*** | 4.68 (2.76-7.93)*** | 4.55 (3.27-6.34)*** | 3.20 (1.26-8.11)* | ||
| 51-60 | 7.54 (5.79-9.81)*** | 9.48 (5.64-15.94)*** | 7.06 (5.08-9.82)*** | 5.31 (2.12-13.30)*** | ||
| >60 | 11.52 (8.85-15.0)*** | 19.97 (11.92-33.45)*** | 7.71 (5.53-10.74)*** | 15.14 (6.14-37.28)*** | ||
| PVD | 1.33 (1.03-1.73)* | 1.54 (1.05-2.28) * | 1.21 (0.82-1.76) | 1.52 (0.67-3.41) | ||
| COPD | 1.18 (1.09-1.28)*** | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) | 1.26 (1.13-1.40)*** | 1.60 (1.25-2.06)*** | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.17 (1.07-1.28)*** | 1.43 (1.24-1.65)*** | 0.98 (0.85-1.11) | 1.08 (0.79-1.48) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.21 (1.11-1.31)*** | 1.03 (0.89-1.20) | 1.43 (1.27-1.60)*** | 0.77 (0.56-1.06) | ||
| Hypertension | 1.65 (1.53-1.78)*** | 1.70 (1.51-1.93)*** | 1.55 (1.39-1.72)*** | 2.06 (1.61-2.65)*** | ||
| Alcoholism | 2.10 (1.36-3.23)*** | 2.02 (0.96-4.26) | 1.73 (0.92-3.22) | 7.13 (2.62-19.42)*** | ||
| CLD | 1.10 (1.01-1.19) * | 1.01 (0.88-1.16) | 1.20 (1.08-1.34)** | 0.91 (0.67-1.22) | ||
| Anemia | 1.10 (0.55-2.19) | 1.30 (0.42-4.04) | 1.12 (0.47-2.69) | - | ||
Abbreviations: GD, gallstone disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
18-30 years as reference
# P=0.05; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001