Table 1.
Comparison of Medical Comorbidity Groups on Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Variables
| Baseline Characteristic | High Medical Comorbidity (CIRS ≥ 4) (N=139) | Low Medical Comorbidity (CIRS <4) (N=125) | Overall Sample (N=264) | Test Statistic (df) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| Mean±SD (N) | 40.0±12.6 (139) | 38.2±12.2 (125) | 39.2±12.4 (264) | 1.41 (1) | 0.24 |
| Gender | 3.52 (1) | 0.06 | |||
| Male | 38.1% (53/139) | 49.6% (62/125) | 43.6% (115/264) | ||
| Female | 61.9% (86/139) | 50.4% (63/125) | 56.4% (149/264) | ||
| Race | 0.18 (1) | 0.68 | |||
| White | 72.7% (101/139) | 76.0% (95/125) | 74.2% (196/264) | ||
| African American/Black | 20.9% (29/139) | 13.6% (17/125) | 17.4% (46/264) | ||
| Asian/Asian American | 2.2% (3/139) | 7.2% (9/125) | 4.5% (12/264) | ||
| Other* | 4.3% (6/139) | 3.2% (4/125) | 3.8% (10/264) | ||
| BIPOLAR SUBTYPE | 0.07 (1) | 0.88 | |||
| Type I | 76.3% (106/139) | 77.6% (97/125) | 76.9% (203/264) | ||
| Type II | 23.7% (33/139) | 22.4% (28/125) | 23.1% (61/264) | ||
| CURRENT EPISODE | |||||
| Major Depressive Episode | 71.3% (92/129) | 57.8% (63/109) | 65.1% (155/238) | 4.75 (1) | 0.04 |
| Manic Episode | 29.3% (27/92) | 41.1% (39/95) | 35.3% (66/187) | 2.80 (1) | 0.13 |
| Hypomanic Episode | 29.3% (27/92) | 29.1% (23/79) | 29.2% (50/171) | 0.00 (1) | 1.0 |
| Panic Disorder | 14.4% (20/139) | 24.0% (30/125) | 18.9% (50/264) | 3.96 (1) | 0.07 |
| General Anxiety Disorder | 0.0% (0/139) | 0.8% (1/125) | 0.4% (1/264) | 1.12 (1) | 0.47 |
| Social Phobia | 18.7% (26/139) | 12.0% (15/125) | 15.5% (41/264) | 2.26 (1) | 0.17 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 14.4% (20/139) | 5.6% (7/125) | 10.2% (27/264) | 5.54 (1) | 0.02 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 12.9% (18/139) | 12.0% (15/125) | 12.5% (33/264) | 0.05 (1) | 0.85 |
| Alcohol Abuse/Dependence | 8.6% (12/139) | 5.6% (7/124) | 7.2% (19/263) | 0.87 (1) | 0.48 |
| Drug Abuse/Dependence | 8.6% (12/139) | 10.4% (13/125) | 9.5% (25/264) | 0.24 (1) | 0.68 |
| CLINICAL FEATURES | |||||
| Previously Hospitalized for Psychiatric Reasons | 44.4% (60/135) | 43.0% (52/121) | 43.8% (112/256) | 0.06 (1) | 0.90 |
| Prior Attempted Suicide | 38.7% (53/137) | 43.5% (54/124) | 41.0% (107/261) | 0.64 (1) | 0.45 |
| Age of Depression Onset | 16.9±8.8 (133) | 16.7±8.0 (124) | 16.8±8.4 (257) | 0.06 (1) | 0.81 |
| Age of Manic or Hypomanic Onset | 19.4±9.0 (126) | 18.5±7.7 (116) | 19.0±8.4 (242) | 0.60 (1) | 0.44 |
| Previous Mood Episodes, Lifetime | 66.5±84.4 (60) | 37.7±34.3 (51) | 53.3±67.6 (111) | 5.20 (1) | 0.02 |
| Previous Depressive Episodes, Lifetime | 29.5±38.5 (65) | 19.7±19.3 (63) | 24.7±30.8 (128) | 3.34 (1) | 0.07 |
| Previous Manic/hypomanic Episodes, Lifetime | 34.9±44.9 (74) | 18.3±20.5 (54) | 27.9±37.5 (128) | 6.40 (1) | 0.01 |
| Previous Depressive Episodes, Past Year | 3.6±3.3 (118) | 3.0±3.6 (100) | 3.4±3.5 (218) | 1.60 (1) | 0.21 |
| Previous Manic/hypomanic Episodes, Past Year | 4.5±7.7 (116) | 4.1±6.3 (101) | 4.3±7.1 (217) | 0.14 (1) | 0.71 |
| Number of Psychotropic Medications | 2.9±1.7 (138) | 2.3±1.5 (124) | 2.6±1.6 (262) | 140.24 (1) | 0.002 |
| Number of Different Classes of Psychotropic Medications | 2.3±1.2 (138) | 1.9±1.1 (124) | 2.1±1.2 (262) | 8.25 (1) | 0.004 |
| Receiving a Second Generation Atypical Antipsychotic | 47.1% (65/138) | 46.0% (57/124) | 46.6% (122/262) | 0.03 (1) | 0.90 |
| METABOLIC SYNDROME | |||||
| Overall Metabolic Syndrome** | 36.0% (50/139) | 23.2% (29/125) | 29.9% (79/264) | 5.12 (1) | 0.03 |
| Abnormal Abdominal Circumference | 2.53 (2) | 0.29 | |||
| >35 (in) in Females | 33.8% (46/136) | 24.8% (30/121) | 29.6% (76/257) | ||
| >40 (in) in Males | 13.2% (18/136) | 15.7% (19/121) | 14.4% (37/257) | ||
| Abnormal HDL Cholesterol | 0.33 (2) | 0.88 | |||
| <40 (mg/dL) in Males | 14.4% (20/139) | 16.1% (20/124) | 15.2% (40/263) | ||
| <50 (mg/dL) in Females | 20.1% (28/139) | 17.7% (22/124) | 19.0% (50/263) | ||
| Abnormal Blood Glucose (>=100 mg/dl) | 22.5% (31/138) | 15.7% (19/121) | 19.3% (50/259) | 1.89 (1) | 0.21 |
| Abnormal Triglycerides (>=150 mg/dl) | 33.8% (47/139) | 27.2% (34/125) | 30.7% (81/264) | 1.35 (1) | 0.29 |
| Abnormal Blood Pressure (>=130 mmHg Systolic, >=85 mmHg Diastolic) | 48.9% (67/137) | 38.5% (47/122) | 44.0% (114/259) | 2.82 (1) | 0.10 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 39.4% (54/137) | 34.2% (42/123) | 36.9% (96/260) | 0.77 (1) | 0.38 |
| Stage II Obesity (BMI ≥ 35) | 19.7% (27/137) | 15.5% (19/123) | 17.7% (46/260) | 0.81 (1) | 0.37 |
| Body Weight (kg) | 85.0±20.6 (137) | 83.6±21.2 (123) | 84.3±20.9 (260) | 0.28 (1) | 0.60 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.6±7.1 (137) | 28.8±7.3 (123) | 29.4±7.4 (260) | 0.86 (1) | 0.36 |
*
Other includes Native American, Native Hawaiian, and subjects who checked ‘other’ or more than one race category
**
P-value is calculated using Mann-Whitney Test.
CIRS=Cumulative Illness Rating Scale