Table 1.
Demographic data and baseline clinical characteristics of the 85 survivors and 110 nonsurvivors (who died before the end of the 5-year-long follow-up period)
| Parameters | Survivors (N = 85) | Nonsurvivors (N = 110) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (males) | 61 (71.8 %)b | 84 (76.4 %) | 0.4658 |
| Age (years) | 67.07 (58.71–75.85)c | 71.50 (61.29–78.51) | 0.0253 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (25.2–31.5) | 25.7 (23.8–30.4) | 0.0112 |
| Heart rate (1/min) | 80 (68–93) | 78 (70–88) | 0.7131 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125 (120–140) | 120 (110–133) | 0.0725 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (70–80) | 70 (65–80) | 0.0115 |
| NYHA class (I) | 31 (36.5 %) | 7 (6.4 %) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA class (II) | 31 (36.5 %) | 34 (30.9 %) | |
| NYHA class (III) | 21 (24.7 %) | 48 (43.6 %) | |
| NYHA class (IV) | 2 (2.4 %) | 21 (19.1 %) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 37 (30–41) | 32 (24–40) | 0.0032 |
| NT-proBNP (fmol/ml) | 423.4 (268.6–869.3) | 1,133.5 (571.1–2,153.3) | <0.0001 |
| Etiology (ischemic heart disease) | 43 (50.6 %) | 70 (63.6 %) | 0.0672 |
| Duration of HF (years) | 2.6 (0.3–6.4) | 2.8 (1.0–6.1) | 0.7734 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/l) | 141 (139–143) | 140 (136–142) | 0.0056 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 90 (75–106) | 107 (87–156) | 0.0002 |
| HSP70 (ng/ml) | 0.30 (0.24–0.43) | 0.39 (0.27–0.59) | 0.0101 |
The detailed description of the patient group and its management, as well as data collection, blood sampling, and laboratory measurements were reported previously (Gombos et al. 2008; Forhecz et al. 2009). Serum HSP70 levels (R and D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were measured by ELISA, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. We use the term “HSP70” as a synonym for HSPA1A under the new nomenclature (Kampinga et al. 2009)
BMI body mass index, NYHA New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, HF heart failure
aMann–Whitney test (continuous variables) or Pearson’s chi-square test (categorical variable), or chi-square test for trend (multiple ordered categorical variables) between survivors and nonsurvivors. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 5.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA), and SPSS v13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)
bNumber of cases with percentages
cMedian values with interquartile ranges