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Changes in heart rate (A), mean arterial pressure (B) and central venous pressure (C) from pre-insufflation in the supine position, during carbon dioxide insufflation (+ 30 min to + 4 h) in the head-down position, and after deflation in the supine position with increasing PEEP. PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, ZEEP: no PEEP, Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.001 versus pre-insufflation. †P < 0.001 versus the ZEEP and three PEEP groups.
