Table 4. Association between main hormonal factors and lung cancer risk: analyses stratified by smoking status.
|
Never smokers |
Former smokers |
Current smokers |
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | P | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | P | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI | P | Pfor interaction | |
OC | ||||||||||||||||
Never | 195 | 585 | 1 | 253 | 230 | 1 | 363 | 193 | 1 | |||||||
Ever | 128 | 585 | 0.89 | (0.65–1.21) | 0.5 | 338 | 368 | 0.72 | (0.52–1.00) | 0.05 | 489 | 347 | 0.88 | (0.65–1.20) | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Missing |
21 |
81 |
|
|
|
80 |
67 |
|
|
|
83 |
118 |
|
|
|
|
HRTa | ||||||||||||||||
Never | 194 | 527 | 1 | 349 | 270 | 1 | 527 | 284 | 1 | |||||||
Ever | 104 | 438 | 0.73 | (0.54–0.98) | 0.04 | 268 | 292 | 0.77 | (0.59–1.01) | 0.06 | 326 | 258 | 0.85 | (0.65–1.12) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Missing |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
2 |
|
|
|
7 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
HRT typeb | ||||||||||||||||
Never Users | 105 | 292 | 1 | 250 | 170 | 1 | 313 | 211 | 1 | |||||||
Oestrogen only | 45 | 154 | 0.94 | (0.61–1.46) | 0.8 | 111 | 119 | 0.65 | (0.46–0.94) | 0.02 | 115 | 124 | 0.78 | (0.54–1.12) | 0.2 | 0.6 |
E+P only | 20 | 100 | 0.52 | (0.28–0.95) | 0.03 | 45 | 63 | 0.61 | (0.35–1.04) | 0.07 | 72 | 68 | 0.97 | (0.60–1.55) | 0.9 | 0.2 |
Missing | 12 | 54 | 45 | 38 | 63 | 27 |
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; E+P=oestrogen+progesterone; HRT=hormone replacement therapy; OC=oral contraceptive; OR=odds ratio.
Effect estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Logistic regression model adjusted for age at interview (categorical), ethnicity (Caucasian/non-Caucasian), comprehensive smoking index (CSI; continuous), body mass index (BMI; continuous), education (categorical) and study.
In postmenopausal women only.
Only available in MLCS, TORONTO and WELD.