Table 5. Association between main hormonal factors and lung cancer risk across histologic types.
| |
|
Adenocarcinoma |
Squamous cell carcinoma |
Small cell carcinoma |
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | Test for homogeneitya | |
|
OC | ||||||||||||||
| Never | 1020 | 410 | 1 | 122 | 1 | 49 | 1 | |||||||
| Ever | 1322 | 585 | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 0.8 | 97 | 0.53 | (0.37–0.76) | 0.001 | 35 | 0.91 | (0.50–1.65) | 0.8 | 0.004 |
| Missing |
267 |
79 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
HRTb | ||||||||||||||
| Never | 1094 | 545 | 1 | 160 | 1 | 62 | 1 | |||||||
| Ever | 995 | 407 | 0.79 | (0.66–0.95) | 0.01 | 90 | 0.79 | (0.58–1.09) | 0.2 | 15 | 0.37 | (0.19–0.71) | 0.003 | 0.07 |
| Missing | 4 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; HRT=hormone replacement therapy; OC=oral contraceptive; OR=odds ratio.
Effect estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age at interview (categorical), ethnicity (Caucasian/non-–CAUCASIAN), smoking status (ever/never), comprehensive smoking index (CSI; continuous), body mass index (BMI; continuous), education (categorical) and study.
a
Wald test.
b
In postmenopausal women only.