Table 2. Two-way PerMANOVA testing whether bird communities (28 species) differ between forest edges and interiors in habitat fragments and intact-forest sites.

SOURCE	d.f.	SS	MS	Pseudo-F	P
Fragment	1	0.1984	0.1984	1.3834	0.227
Edge	1	0.1479	0.1479	1.0312	0.399
Interaction	1	0.0307	0.0307	0.2143	0.975
Residual	8	1.1476	0.1434
TOTAL	11	1.5248