Table 3. Cardiovascular risk factors according to adherence to the PNNS nutritional guidelines, NutriNet-Santé study, France, 2012.
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Quartiles of PNNS-GS
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| Variable | Q1 a | Q2 a | Q3 a | Q4 a | P b | β % c | 95% CI | |
| PNNS-GS range | ≤8.11 | [8.11-9.50] | [9.50-10.79] | [10.79-14.80] | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day)d | 2118.4 ± 11.0 | 1937.6 ± 11.0 | 1849.0 ± 11.5 | 1812.1 ± 10.7 | <.0001 | |||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 129.9 (128.7-131.1) | 129.0 (127.9-130.2) | 129.3 (128.1-130.5) | 128.8 (127.7-130.0) | <0.05 | -0.58 | -1.65 | 0.51 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76.7 (76.0-77.4) | 76.4 (75.7-77.2) | 76.3 (75.6-77.1) | 75.9 (75.2-76.7) | 0.01 | -1.38 | -2.53 | -0.22 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.7 (194.8-200.6) | 199.3 (196.4-202.2) | 198.7 (195.8-201.6) | 198.2 (195.3-201.1) | 0.79 | -0.39 | -1.55 | 0.77 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.6 (56.6-58.5) | 58.2 (57.2-59.2) | 58.1 (57.1-59.1) | 58.2 (57.2-59.2) | 0.13 | 0.04 | -1.10 | 1.19 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 116.3 (113.8-118.8) | 118.0 (115.5-120.6) | 117.4 (114.9-120.0) | 117.3 (114.8-119.9) | 0.41 | 0.04 | -1.12 | 1.23 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dL) | 110.8 (105.2-116.7) | 107.4 (101.9-113.1) | 107.7 (102.2-113.4) | 104.6 (99.3-110.1) | <.0001 | -2.16 | -3.27 | -1.03 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 98.5 (97.3-99.7) | 98.3 (97.1-99.5) | 98.3 (97.1-99.6) | 97.9 (96.7-99.2) | 0.13 | -0.04 | -1.15 | 1.09 |
| WC (cm) | 86.6 (85.8-87.4) | 85.6 (84.8-86.4) | 84.8 (84.0-85.6) | 83.6 (82.8-84.3) | <.0001 | -4.61 | -5.59 | -3.62 |
Abbreviations: PNNS-GS, Programme National Nutrition Santé-Guideline Score; Q, quartile; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein,a Values are geometric means (95% confidence interval) adjusted for gender, age, energy intake, tobacco smoking, current diet practice season of dietary data collection, occupational status, educational level, treatment for the specific outcome and BMI except for waist circumference that was adjusted for height.
P-value for linear trend across quartiles using contrast test
Multivariate linear regression models provide regression coefficients (β) for the difference in z-score of log-transformed variables for each 1 point increase in PNNS-GS. We used exponentiation so that each coefficient is interpreted as the percent change in expected z-score of variable for the increase of 1 point in PNNS-GS.
Values are unadjusted means ± SD