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. 2013 Oct 4;8(10):e74887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074887

Table 3. Elemental composition of each type of stone.

Stone type Elements composition (%)
Cholesterol C 82.36±1.76, O 15.64±1.39, a small amount of Ca, Na, Cl, Al, Mg, F, Si
Pigment C 63.01±3.58, O 28.95±2.26, Ca 5.30±1.99, many kinds of mineral elements, such as Na, Mg, Al, Cu, S, Fe, Zn, K, Cl, F, Mn, Nb
Calcium carbonate C 32.93±8.6, O 38.38±4.25, Ca 27.75±5.88, a small amount of Na, Mg, Al, Cu, Si, K, Fe
Phosphate C 44.63±10.23, O 30.46±6.24, Ca 17.37±3.84, P 6.68±2.04, a small amount of Na, Mg, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, F, Cl, Nb
Calcium stearate C 69.22±2.19, O 20.93±0.66, Ca 753±1.80, a small amount of S, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, F
Protein C 48.83±7.78, O 24.13±3.48, N 6.16±2.72, S 13.69±2.40, Ca 9.75±2.75, a small amount of Na, Mg, Al, Cl, Si
Cystine C 50.31±7.60, O 10.32±4.54, N 14.32±2.60, S 30.81±9.31, a small amount of Ca, Na, Mg, Si, Cl
Mixed varied with the mixed components