Table 2. Inhibitory effects of some natural products in various inflammatory targets.

Natural product	Zebrafish-based assay		Rodent-based assays		Cell-based assay		References
	MTC	RLM	Target, model	Dose	Target, cell line	IC50
Apigenin	500 µM	0.35	TNF-α, C57BL/6J mice NF-κB, paw edema in mice	50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg	IL-4, RBL-2H3 TNF-α, RBL-2H3 IL-1β, human monocytes	3.6 µM 5.3 µM 10 µM	[45], [48], [54]
Luteolin	500 µM	0.41	NF-κB, paw edema in mice	50 mg/kg	TNF-α, RAW 264.7 COX, rat peritoneal leukocytes	<1 µM 100 µg/ml	[45], [47], [54]
Naringenin	30 µM	0.37	TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, rats	50 mg/kg	TNF-α, J774.1 PGE2, rat macrophages	−7.9 µM	[45], [55]
Quercetin	500 µM	0.31	TNF-α, IL-1, colitic rats	1 mg/kg	TNF-α, RAW 264.7 PGE2, rat macrophagesTNF-α, iNOS, macrophages	1 µM 13.9 µM 50 µM	[45], [56]
(−)-α-bisabolol	30 µM	0.48	TNF-α, paw edema and peritonitis in mice	200 mg/kg	NO, PGE2, COX-2, RAW 264.7	100 µM	[50], [57]
Caffeic acid	500 µM	0.14	IL-1β, paw edema in mice IL-1β, IL-6,TNF-α, mice	30 mg/kg 2 g/98 gof diet	NO, RAW 264.7	4.80 µM	[51], [52], [58]
Harpagoside	300 µM	0.15	COX-1, paw edema in mice	50 mg/kg	COX-2, 5-LO, human whole blood and PMNLs	–	[53], [59]