Table 2.

Preclinical murine studies investigating possible vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors

Refereence	Author	Agent	Mechanism of action	Method of administration	Principal findings in treated mice
25	Xia et al (2003)	VEGF-Trap	Fusion protein (decoy receptor)	Subcutaneous injection	Improved clinical appearance, normalization of histological features including ↓ parakeratosis, ↓ vascularity and ↓ epidermal markers (eg, K6)
110	Kunstfeld et al (2004)	MF-I and DC 101	Rat anti-VEGFR-1 mAb and anti VEGFR-2 mAb	Intra-peritoneal injection	↓ skin inflammation, ↓ edema, and ↓ lymphatic vessel enlargement
74	Haiin et al (2008)	NVP-BAW2881	Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Oral or topical	Both formulations effective oral > topical, improved clinical appearance, ↓ number and size of blood vessels, normalization of histological features including ↓ leucocyte infiltration
109	Schonthaler et al (2009)	G6-3I	Anti-VEGF mAb	Subcutaneous injection	Improved clinical appearance, normalization of histological features including ↓ epidermal thickness, ↓ vascularity, and ↓ leucocyte infiltration
112	Jung etal (201 1)	Valpha	Chimeric fusion protein (anti-TNF and anti-VEGF decoy receptor)	Subcutaneous injection	↓ epidermal hyperplasia, ↓ blood vessel area, and ↓ lymphatic vessel area

Note: ↓ represents a decrease. Copyright © 201 I, Informa. Adapted with permission from Crawshaw AA, Griffiths CEM, Young HS. Investigational VEGF antagonists for psoriasis. Expert Opin Invest Drugs. 2012; 2 1:33–43.¹¹⁴

Abbreviations: mAb, monoclonal antibody; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, VEGF receptor.