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Relative mRNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured without or with different TiO2 particles (0.10 mg/mL) for 14 days.
Notes: The initial cell seeding density was 5 × 104 cells/cm2. Error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation for n = 5, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Abbreviations: mRNA, messenger RNA; OC, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin.
