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The causal structure of a successful double-blinded, randomized trial.
Notes: ℛ denotes all causes of the offered treatment B denotes blinding status; Toffered denotes the treatment offered; TTAKEN denotes the treatment taken; E denotes the patient’s expectation of the outcome D = d; a lower case letter denotes a value of the modifier (e.g. toffered is a value of Toffered) A box denotes conditioning (see text).
