Table 2.
Neuropsychological tasks
| HIV serostatus | HIV+ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV− | HIV+ | p value | HIV− | NML | ANI | MND | HAD | p value | |
| n | 38 | 114 | 38 | 12 | 34 | 20 | 29 | ||
| Grooved Pegboard dominant hand, mean in seconds (SD) | 81.9 (21.9) | 83.9 (21.5) | 0.63 | 81.9 (21.9) | 67.1 (5.2) | 79.9 (14.5) | 82.9 (17.3) | 96.0 (28.1) | <0.01 |
| Grooved Pegboard non-dominant hand, mean time in seconds (SD) | 89.9 (25.3) | 94.7 (25.0) | 0.31 | 89.9 (25.3) | 76.6 (8.4) | 93.6 (21.7) | 96.0 (23.5) | 102.9 (30.3) | 0.02 |
| Trail Making Part A, mean (SD) | 30.7 (10.9) | 29.5 (9.9) | 0.52 | 30.7 (10.9) | 22.6 (5.8) | 27.8 (9.2) | 29.4 (10.0) | 34.2 (10.1) | 0.01 |
| Trail Making Part B, mean (SD) | 94.1 (61.9) | 90.5 (51.8) | 0.73 | 94.1 (61.85) | 70.9 (57.5) | 84.6 (47.4) | 93 (56.8) | 103.4 (49.6) | 0.40 |
| Digit Symbol Test, mean (SD) | 50.3 (13.5) | 44.6 (10.8) | 0.33 | 50.3 (13.5) | 58.5 (13.7) | 50.3 (10.5) | 49.4 (10.3) | 39.5 (14.6) | <0.01 |
| CALCAP, choice reaction time, mean (SD) | 434 (64) | 471.6 (91.2) | 0.03 | 434 (64) | 412 (40) | 470 (75) | 447 (47) | 494 (86) | <0.01 |
| CALCAP, sequential reaction time, mean (SD) | 569.8 (100.1) | 613.9 (122.7) | 0.07 | 569.8 (100.1) | 496.8 (76.7) | 617.7 (114.4) | 592.9 (93.2) | 655.0 (114.7) | <0.01 |
| RAVLT total, mean score (SD) | 46.3 (9.3) | 47.4 (10.3) | 0.56 | 46.3 (9.3) | 52.4 (8.0) | 50.8 (9.3) | 48.1 (8.8) | 41.0 (10.4) | <0.01 |
| RAVLT delayed recall score, mean (SD) | 8.8 (3.2) | 9.0 (3.1) | 0.52 | 8.8 (3.2) | 10.2 (2.6) | 10.0 (3.1) | 9.7 (3.2) | 7.7 (3.4) | 0.03 |
| RAVLT recognition score, mean (SD) | 11.7 (3.5) | 13.5 (1.8) | 0.03 | 11.7 (3.5) | 14 (1.29) | 13.2 (2.3) | 13.6 (2.4) | 11.5 (2.9) | <0.01 |
| Odd Man Out, mean (SD) | 35.7 (3.6) | 35.6 (4.0) | 0.96 | 35.7 (3.6) | 36.9 (2.3) | 36 (3.4) | 36.3 (2.3) | 34.3 (5.4) | 0.17 |
| WAIS III Letter–Number Sequence Test, mean (SD) | 10.2 (3.5) | 8.9 (3.0) | 0.03 | 10.2 (3.5) | 11.1 (4.6) | 9.2 (2.3) | 9.1 (2.9) | 7.6 (2.3) | <0.01 |
| FAS verbal fluency, mean (SD) | 40.3 (11.9) | 39.1 (12.3) | 0.61 | 40.3 (11.9) | 49.7 (11.4) | 39.9 (12.2) | 37.1 (9.7) | 35.4 (12.2) | 0.01 |
| Finger Tap dominant hand, score (SD) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 49.2 (8.2) | 49.2 (9.3) | 43.7 (7.2) | 44.0 (7.6) | 0.01 | |
| Finger Tap non-dominant, score (SD) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 44.8 (8.6) | 42.8 (7.2) | 41.6 (5.7) | 38.9 (7.7) | 0.06 | |
Neuropsychological testing comparing HIV− subjects to HIV+ subjects as a group and divided into HAND diagnosis
SD standard deviation, SCFT semantic category fluency test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, IHDS International HIV dementia scale, HVLT Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, FP false positive, TP true positive, NML normal cognition, ANI asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, MND minor neurocognitive disorder, HAD HIV-associated dementia