Table 4.
Association between smoking cessation, weight change, and CVD events
| No diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smokers (ref) | Former smokers | Non smokers | ||
| Quit for ≤ 4 y | Quit for > 4 y | |||
| Person-exams | 1924 | 591 | 3761 | 3392 |
| No. of CVD events | 143 | 29 | 218 | 116 |
| Age-, sex-adjusted IR of | ||||
| CVD/100 person-exams | 3.06 (2.56- | |||
| (95% CI) | 5.89 (4.86-7.11) | 3.22 (2.06-4.50) | 3.67) | 2.43 (1.95-3.03) |
| Age-, sex-adjusted HR | 0.50 (0.37- | |||
| (95% CI) | 1 | 0.50 (0.25-1.00) | 0.68) | 0.32 (0.22-0.45) |
| CVD risk factors- | 0.46 (0.34- | |||
| adjusted† HR(95% CI) | 1 | 0.47 (0.23-0.94) | 0.63) | 0.30 (0.21-0.44) |
| CVD risk factors-+ weight | ||||
| change-adjusted HR (95% | 0.46 (0.34- | |||
| CI) | 1 | 0.49 (0.24-0.99) | 0.63) | 0.31 (0.21-0.44) |
|
| ||||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Smokers (ref) | Former smokers | Non smokers | ||
| Quit for ≤ 4 y | Quit for > 4 y | |||
|
| ||||
| Person-exams, n | 279 | 92 | 603 | 506 |
| No. of CVD events | 23 | 8 | 59 | 35 |
| Age-, sex-adjusted IR of | ||||
| CVD/100 person-exams | 7.03 (4.54- | 6.11 (2.89- | ||
| (95% CI) | 10.63) | 12.37) | 6.53 (4.73-8.96) | 4.70 (3.17-6.89) |
| Age-Sex-adjusted HR | ||||
| (95% CI) | 1 | 0.49 (0.11-2.16) | 0.53 (0.27-1.06) | 0.41 (0.19-0.86) |
| CVD risk factors- | ||||
| adjusted† HR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.49 (0.11-2.20) | 0.56 (0.28-1.14) | 0.49 (0.22-1.08) |
| CVD risk factors-+ weight | ||||
| change-adjusted HR (95% | ||||
| CI) | 1 | 0.49 (0.11-2.19) | 0.57 (0.28-1.15) | 0.49 (0.22-1.09) |
CVD=cardiovascular disease, IR= incidence rate, HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval, BMI = body-mass index, ref = reference
†
Adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, self-reported family history of diabetes, systolic, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, baseline BMI, cholesterol lowering treatment, anti-hypertension treatment