(A, B) Local peri-surgical pretreatment of NPD1/PD1 (300 ng per mouse, peri-sciatic nerve) prevents CCI-induced mechanical allodynia (A) and ongoing pain (B). (A) The two-way ANOVA showed significant overall between-group differences between the NPD1 and vehicle groups, F(1,113) = 118, p < 0.0001, and between sham and vehicle groups, F(1,80) = 98.77, p < 0.0001. Post hoc analysis of each time point revealed significant differences between NPD1- and vehicle-treated mice from 3 to 28 days. *P<0.05, compared to sham control, #P<0.05, compared to corresponding vehicle (PBS) control, n = 5-12 mice. (B) Spinal clonidine (10 μg, i.t.)-induced chamber preference in CCI mice, as indicated by time spent in each chamber, is eliminated by the NPD1/PD1 pretreatment. $P<0.05, n = 5-9 mice. (C-E) Local peri-surgical pretreatment of NPD1/PD1 (300 ng/mouse, peri-sciatic nerve) protects axotomy-induced autotomy and stump pain. Incidence (C) and score (D) of autotomy in vehicle and NPD1/PD1-treated mice. *P<0.05, compared to vehicle, n = 7 mice. (E) Stump pain (mechanical allodynia) induced by a von Frey hair (0.07 g) in vehicle and NPD1/PD1-treated mice. *P<0.05, compared to sham control, #P<0.05, compared to corresponding vehicle control, n = 5-7 mice.