Figure 3.

Possible indications for frozen elephant trunk surgery in our Institution. A. Subacute type B aortic dissection in a patient with a chronic degenerative aneurysm of the aortic arch measuring 53 mm; B. chronic post-dissection aneurysm of the proximal descending thoracic aorta. A David’s valve sparing root reconstruction and hemiarch replacement was performed at onset of dissection; C. DeBakey Type 1 acute aortic dissection. The intimal tear (white arrow) is located at the distal aortic arch; D. Saccular aneurysm of the mid-distal aortic arch. Saccular aneurysm of the mid-distal aortic arch with an associated aneurysm of the innominate artery