TABLE 2—
Baseline |
Year 1a |
Year 3 |
Year 6 |
|||||||||
Variable | Yes | No | Pb | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P |
Elevated depressive symptoms? (Yes/No) | ||||||||||||
BMIc (kg/m2) | 27.1 (1.22) | 26.2 (1.21) | ≤ .001 | 27.4 (1.23) | 26.5 (1.21) | ≤ .001 | ||||||
Weightc (kg) | 70.5 (1.23) | 68.6 (1.22) | ≤ .001 | 70.9 (1.24) | 68.9 (1.22) | ≤ .001 | ||||||
Waist circumferencec (cm) | 84.5 (1.17) | 82.5 (1.16) | ≤ .001 | 85.7 (1.17) | 83.3 (1.16) | ≤ .001 | ||||||
Insulind (μU/mL) | 10.4 (1.70) | 10.1 (1.60) | .34 | 10.3 (1.67) | 9.8 (1.65) | .12 | 11.9 (1.68) | 10.9 (1.62) | .006 | |||
HOMA-IRd | 2.5 (1.81) | 2.4 (1.73) | .45 | 2.4 (1.82) | 2.3 (1.79) | .13 | 2.8 (1.81) | 2.6 (1.77) | .05 | |||
Fasting glucosed (mg/dL) | 95.7 (1.13) | 96.2 (1.16) | .51 | 96.0 (1.17) | 95.4 (1.17) | .51 | 94.6 (1.15) | 96.0 (1.21) | .12 | 100.7 (1.20) | 98.6 (1.19) | .06 |
Systolic blood pressured (mm Hg) | 126.0 (1.14) | 127.4 (1.14) | .21 | 124.5 (1.13) | 125.3 (1.14) | .41 | 126.2 (1.13) | 125.9 (1.14) | .79 | 125.2 (1.15) | 125.1 (1.14) | .96 |
Diastolic blood pressured (mm Hg) | 75.4 (1.13) | 75.9 (1.13) | .45 | 74.4 (1.13) | 74.1 (1.13) | .59 | 74.1 (1.14) | 73.6 (1.14) | .45 | 71.6 (1.15) | 71.6 (1.14) | .94 |
HDLd (mg/dL) | 55.0 (1.29) | 56.5 (1.29) | .1 | 56.6 (1.29) | 57.7 (1.29) | .19 | 56.7 (1.30) | 56.4 (1.29) | .73 | 55.9 (1.27) | 56.4 (1.28) | .58 |
Triglyceridesd (mg/dL) | 140.9 (1.67) | 133.6 (1.60) | .11 | 138.5 (1.62) | 138.8 (1.59) | .93 | 142.8 (1.56) | 139.1 (1.59) | .38 | 138.7 (1.56) | 133.8 (1.56) | .2 |
CRPd (mg/L) | 2.1 (3.00) | 2.0 (2.85) | .28 | |||||||||
IL-6d (pg/mL) | 2.1 (2.23) | 1.9 (2.25) | .05 | |||||||||
TNF-α R2d (pg/mL) | 2547.1 (1.36) | 2414.6 (1.36) | .003 | |||||||||
On antidepressants? (Yes/No) | ||||||||||||
BMIc (kg/m2) | 27.4 (1.22) | 26.3 (1.21) | ≤ .001 | 27.6 (1.22) | 26.5 (1.21) | ≤.001 | ||||||
Weightc (kg) | 72.1 (1.23) | 68.6 (1.22) | ≤ .001 | 72.2 (1.24) | 69.0 (1.22) | ≤.001 | ||||||
Waist circumferencec (cm) | 85.7 (1.17) | 82.5 (1.16) | ≤ .001 | 86.7 (1.17) | 83.3 (1.16) | ≤.001 | ||||||
Insulind (μU/mL) | 9.9 (1.62) | 10.1 (1.62) | .72 | 9.1 (1.62) | 9.9 (1.65) | .13 | 11.6 (1.54) | 11.0 (1.63) | .32 | |||
HOMA-IRd | 2.3 (1.74) | 2.4 (1.74) | .56 | 2.1 (1.75) | 2.3 (1.80) | .09 | 2.7 (1.72) | 2.6 (1.78) | .4 | |||
Fasting glucosed (mg/dL) | 94.4 (1.12) | 96.2 (1.16) | .19 | 93.1 (1.14) | 95.6 (1.17) | .07 | 95.8 (1.21) | 95.8 (1.20) | .98 | 99.1 (1.22) | 98.9 (1.19) | .89 |
Systolic blood pressured (mm Hg) | 125.3 (1.15) | 127.3 (1.14) | .36 | 123.7 (1.15) | 125.2 (1.14) | .38 | 125.6 (1.16) | 126.0 (1.14) | .84 | 124.6 (1.12) | 125.2 (1.14) | .62 |
Diastolic blood pressured (mm Hg) | 74.1 (1.14) | 75.9 (1.13) | .12 | 74.5 (1.15) | 74.2 (1.13) | .75 | 72.9 (1.14) | 73.8 (1.14) | .35 | 71.6 (1.13) | 71.6 (1.14) | .96 |
HDLd (mg/dL) | 54.9 (1.33) | 56.3 (1.29) | .42 | 58.5 (1.28) | 57.5 (1.29) | .52 | 55.7 (1.32) | 56.5 (1.29) | .61 | 56.4 (1.28) | 56.3 (1.28) | .91 |
Triglyceridesd (mg/dL) | 158.7 (1.63) | 133.7 (1.61) | .004 | 144.4 (1.52) | 138.5 (1.59) | .42 | 149.2 (1.64) | 139.1 (1.58) | .12 | 150.4 (1.57) | 133.1 (1.56) | .001 |
CRPe (mg/L) | 2.9 (2.62) | 2.0 (2.88) | ≤ .001 | |||||||||
IL-6e (pg/mL) | 2.2 (2.17) | 1.9 (2.25) | .04 | |||||||||
TNF-α R2e(pg/mL) | 2621.8 (1.35) | 2422.9 (1.36) | .003 |
Note. BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; CT = clinical trials; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IL-6 = interleukin-6; OS = observational study; TNF-α R2 = tumor-necrosis factor-α receptor 2.
Empty cells indicate that data were not collected in these time points.
P value from 2 simple means t-test.
Means based on 71 809 women in the WHI–OS who completed all relevant at baseline and year-3 assessments.
Means based on 1950 women in the WHI–CT who had longitudinal measures of fasting glucose, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin.
Means based on 2242 women in the WHI–OS with who had complete data at baseline.