Table 1.
Comparison of intervention groups at baseline.
| Variable | DSE | ILI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Mean (SD) | 58.9 (6.9) | 58.6 (6.8) |
| Female | N (%) | 1537 (59.7) | 1526 (59.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | N (%) | ||
| African American | 404 (15.7) | 400 (15.6) | |
| American Indian | 128 ( 5.0) | 130 ( 5.1) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 21 ( 0.8) | 29 ( 1.1) | |
| White | 1631 (63.3) | 1621 (63.1) | |
| Hispanic | 340 (13.2) | 340 (13.2) | |
| Other/Mixed | 51 ( 2.0) | 49 ( 1.9) | |
| History of CVD* | N (%) | 348 (13.5) | 366 (14.2) |
| Using insulin | N (%) | 410 (16.5) | 382 (15.4) |
| Smoking | N (%) | 110 (4) | 117 (5) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
Median (Q1,Q3) | 5.0 ( 2.0, 10) | 5.0 ( 2.0, 10) |
| Weight (kg) | Mean (SD) | 101 ( 19) | 101 ( 20) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mean (SD) | 36.0 (5.8) | 35.9 (6.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Mean (SD) | 114 ( 14) | 114 ( 14) |
| A1c (%) | Mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.2) | 7.2 (1.1) |
| SBP (mm Hg)** | Mean (SD) | 129 ( 17) | 128 ( 17) |
| DBP (mm Hg) | Mean (SD) | 70.4 (9.6) | 69.9 (9.5) |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 43.5 ( 12) | 43.4 ( 12) |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | Mean (SD) | 112 ( 32) | 112 ( 32) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Median (Q1,Q3) | 152 ( 107, 218) | 155 (110, 221) |
ILI = Intensive Lifestyle Intervention. DSE = Diabetes Support and Education.
*
Prior CVD was defined as history of myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure or CVD procedures (CABG, PTCA, carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty of a lower extremity artery, or aortic aneurysm repair).
**
indicates significant difference between arms with p < 0.01.