Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of depressed and healthy control subjects.

Characteristic	HC (N=16)	Depressed (N=20)	p-value	Pair-wise Comparison	p-value
AGE, mean (SD), y	35.1 (16.0)	38.6 (12.6)	0.202	N/A	N/A
GENDER			0.647	"	"
Female (%)	12 (75)	15 (75)		"	"
Male (%)	4 (25)	5 (25)		"	"
RACE			0.214	"	"
Caucasian (%)	11 (69)	10 (50)		"	"
African-American (%)	1 (6)	6 (30)		"	"
Asian (%)	2 (13)	0 (0)		"	"
Multiracial (%)	2 (13)	4 (20)		"	"
INCOME			0.525	"	"
<$20k (%)	6 (38)	5 (25)		"	"
$20-40k (%)	3 (19)	7 (35)		"	"
>$40k (%)	6 (38)	8 (40)		"	"
Unknown	1 (6)	0 (0)		"	"
EDUCATION			0.101	"	"
<=12 yrs (%)	0 (0)	4 (20)		"	"
13-16 yrs (%)	10 (63)	8 (40)		"	"
>16 yrs (%)	6 (38)	6 (30)		"	"
Unknown	0 (0)	2 (10)		"	"
EMPLOYMENT			0.122	"	"
Employed (%)	14 (88)	13 (65)		"	"
Unemployed (%)	2 (13)	7 (35)		"	"
HISTORY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE			0.306	"	"
Yes (%)	2 (13)	5 (25)		"	"
No (%)	14 (88)	15 (75)		"	"
HAM-D,	1.19 (1.38)	All MDD: 21.2 (2.5)	<.001
mean (SD)		MDD-only:21.6 (2.8)		MDD-only vs HC	<.001
		MDD+PTSD:20.8 (2.3)		MDD+PTSD vs HC	<.001
				MDD-only vs MDD+PTSD	0.673
HAM-A,	2.06 (2.27)	All MDD: 17.7 (5.6)	<.001
mean (SD)		MDD-only:14.7 (5.2)		MDD-only vs HC	<.001
		MDD+PTSD:21.8 (3.0)		MDD+PTSD vs HC	<.001
				MDD-only vs MDD+PTSD	0.002
CTQ,	40.4 (9.5)	All MDD: 69.0 (23.6)	<.001
mean (SD)		MDD-only:57.7 (10.8)		MDD-only vs HC	<.001
		MDD+PTSD:82.8 (28.1)		MDD+PTSD vs HC	<.001
				MDD-only vs MDD+PTSD	0.033

CTQ: Childhood trauma questionnaire; HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HC: Healthy control; MDD-only: Major depressive disorder; MDD+PTSD: Primary posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder