Table 2. Overview of cardiomyocyte force measurements.
| Failing Myocardium | |||||
| Fmax | Fpas | pCa50 | nH | Ktr-max | |
| 6 hearts; 35 myocytes | |||||
| Time control | 25.2±2.3 | 2.9±0.3 | 5.60±0.01 | 2.6±0.2 | 0.69±0.03 |
| 6 hearts; 34 myocytes (5 hearts; 13 myocytes after incubation) | |||||
| cTn (DD) | 26.1±1.9 | 2.3±0.3 | 5.51±0.02† | 2.5±0.1 | 0.62±0.02 |
| +PKCα incubation | 22.4±2.2 | 2.0±0.3 | 5.43±0.02* | 2.5±0.1 | 0.64±0.05 |
| 5 hearts; 25 myocytes (4 hearts; 9 myocytes after incubation) | |||||
| cTn (DD+PKCα) | 17.1±1.9# | 2.7±0.3 | 5.59±0.02 | 2.8±0.1 | 0.67±0.04 |
| +PKCα incubation | 17.2±3.1 | 1.8±0.2 | 5.45±0.02* | 2.4±0.1* | 0.59±0.09 |
Time control denotes results obtained from cardiomyocytes kept in exchange buffer without cTn complex added. Symbols used: # denotes P<0.05, cTn (DD+PKCα) compared to time control or cTn (DD) and † denotes P<0.05, cTn (DD) compared to time control in ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. Measurements in cTn exchanged cells were repeated after treatment with PKCα. In this case * denotes P<0.05, before vs. after incubation with PKCα in paired t-test. Abbreviations: Fmax, maximal force per cross-sectional area at saturating calcium concen-tration (pCa4.5) in kN/m2; Fpas, passive force per cross-sectional area in relaxing solution (pCa 9) in kN/m2; nH, steepness of the force-pCa curves; Ktr-max, the rate of force redevelopment at maximal activating solution (pCa 4.5) in s−1.