Table 3. Results of LTRE analyses comparing overall population dynamics and the contribution of single matrix elements to the overall population dynamics of A. ramosum in different habitats (open and forest) and years.

		Open	Forest	Year 1	Year 2	Open-year 1	Open-year 2	Forest-year 1	Forest-year 2
Seed	Seed	−0.005	0.005	0.002	−0.002	0.006	−0.009	0.001	0.001
Flowering	Seed	0.013	−0.013	0.026	−0.026	0.012	0.006	−0.006	−0.012
Seed	Seedling	0.021	−0.021	0.009	−0.009	−0.008	0.016	−0.004	−0.004
Flowering	Seedling	0.008	−0.008	−0.015	0.015	−0.023	0.072	−0.037	−0.012
Seedling	Small veg.	0.015	−0.015	0.007	−0.007	0.003	0.030	−0.017	−0.017
Small veg.	Small veg.	0.008	−0.008	−0.010	0.010	0.002	0.038	−0.024	−0.016
Large veg.	Small veg.	0.001	−0.001	−0.001	0.001	−0.001	0.006	−0.005	0.000
Flowering	Small veg.	−0.001	0.001	−0.001	0.001	0.010	−0.004	0.001	−0.007
Small veg.	Large veg.	−0.003	0.003	−0.002	0.002	−0.023	0.019	−0.004	0.008
Large veg.	Large veg.	−0.004	0.004	−0.008	0.008	−0.022	0.004	0.000	0.018
Flowering	Large veg.	−0.009	0.009	−0.002	0.002	−0.015	−0.014	0.010	0.020
Small veg.	Flowering	0.011	−0.011	0.004	−0.004	0.011	0.013	−0.001	−0.023
Large veg.	Flowering	0.022	−0.022	0.014	−0.014	0.024	0.027	−0.014	−0.037
Flowering	Flowering	0.031	−0.031	0.001	−0.001	−0.004	0.079	−0.046	−0.029
Overall		0.647	−0.647	0.140	−0.140	−0.085	0.847	−0.435	−0.327

The presented values indicate the magnitude of the contribution, with significant values (p≤0.025) shown in bold. For each factor, the contributions to the population growth rate of all levels of the given factor sum to zero. As a result, a positive contribution indicates that the transition increases the overall population growth at the given level of the factor, while a negative contribution indicates that the transition decreases the overall population growth at the given level of the factor. The negative contribution values therefore indicate that that specific transition represents a weak point in the life cycle at the given level of the factor.