Table 1.

Mothers' self-reported ratings (M ± SD) of infant face stimuli (own and unknown).

Valence	Mother's feelingsa		Mother's perception of infant feelingsb		Emotional arousal ratingc
	Own	Unknown	Own	Unknown	Own	Unknown
Happy face	1.15 ± 0.76	2.71 ± 0.84	1.21 ± 0.78	1.55 ± 0.83	4.91 ± 2.24	3.26 ± 1.58
Neutral face	2.81 ± 0.85	3.86 ± 0.47	3.60 ± 0.59	3.93 ± 0.65	4.01 ± 1.60	2.67 ± 1.32
Sad face	6.25 ± 1.18	5.23 ± 0.83	6.91 ± 0.70	6.80 ± 0.81	5.69 ± 1.66	3.80 ± 1.36

The ratings using 9-point Likert scales adapted from the Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley and Lang, 1994) with the following benchmarks: 0 = positive, 4 = neutral, 8 = negative for mother's feelings and mother's perception of infant's feelings ratings; 0 = calm, 8 = aroused for emotional arousal rating.

^a“How pleasant or unpleasant did the picture make you feel?” Main effect of valence: F_{(2, 76)} = 281.28, p < 0.001.

^b“How do you think the baby was feeling?” Main effect of valence: F_{(2, 76)} = 713.83, p < 0.001.

^cWhile statistical tests were conducted using log-transformed data, untransformed data are reported here for clarity of interpretation.

Main effect of valence: F_{(2, 76)} = 20.73, p < 0.001; Main effect of identity: F_{(1, 38)} = 42.98, p < 0.001. No interaction effect.