Table 2. Main factors regulating autophagy and role of autophagy in cell fate triggered by genotoxic agents.

Genotoxic agent	Agent class	Main DNA repair pathway/enzymes involved135	Main factors regulating autophagy induction after DNA damage	Cell type	Autophagy inhibition employed	Effect of autophagyInhibition	Ref.
ActinomycinD	Topoisomerase and transcription inhibitor	ND	p53, DRAM	RKO Colon Carcinoma	DRAM siRNA; ATG5 siRNA	Increased clonogenic survival	14
Camptothecin	Topoisomerase inhibitor	HR, NHEJ	p53, ULK1/ULK2	U2OS Osteosarcoma	ATG13 shRNA	Increased clonogenic survival	13
Doxorubicin	Topoisomerase inhibitor	HR, NER, NHEJ	PARP-1	3T3 MEFs	Beclin 1 and ATG5 siRNA; 3-MA, CQ	Increased death(Trypan Blue)	54
6-Thioguanine	Nucleoside analog	MMR, BER	MLH1, MSH2, p53, mTOR, BNIP3	HCT116 colon carcinoma and HEC59 endometrial cancer	ATG5 shRNA	Increased apoptosis	136
BO-1051	Alkylating agent	ND	ATM	HA227/VGH Mahlavu Hepatomas	Bafilomycin A1, beclin shRNA	Reduced Viability (MTT)	132
Temozolomide	Alkylating agent	MMR, BER, MGMT	ATM, TSC2, mTORC1	LN-229 and U87 gliomas	3-MA	Increased apoptosis	137
MNNG, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine;	Alkylating agent	MMR, BER, MGMT	ND	Lymphomas	CQ, ATG5 shRNA	Reduced cell number	138
Cisplatin	Alkylating-like agent	MMR, NER, HR, NHEJ	ATM	HA227/VGH Mahlavu Hepatomas	Beclin 1 shRNA	Reducedviability (MTT)	132
5-methoxyflavanone	Methoxylated flavone	ND	MEK	HCT116 Colon Carcinoma	3-MA; bafilomycin A1	Reduced clonogenic survival	139
UVB	Electromagnetic radiation	NER	AMPK, ULK1	MEFs	ATG5 KO 3MA	Increased apoptosis	96