Table 1.
Subject population demographicsa
| ID | Sex/age (yr)/handedness | Age onset/severity (yr) | Visual acuity | Cause/notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B01* | F | 33 | L | 0/0 | LP | Congenital hypoplasia |
| B03* | F | 32 | R | 0/18 | NLP | Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) |
| B04* | M | 59 | R | 28/32 | NLP | Diabetic retinopathy |
| B05* | F | 23 | R | 0/18 | LP | Congenital cataracts, detached retinas |
| B06* | F | 48 | — | 0/20 | NLP | ROP; glaucoma; vitreous hemorrhage |
| B07* | F | 55 | R | 8/8 | NLP | Uveitis |
| B08* | F | 53 | A | 0/0 | NLP | ROP |
| B09* | F | 61 | — | 40/50 | HM | Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) |
| B10* | M | 58 | R | 0/0 | NLP | ROP |
| B12* | F | 46 | R | 8/8.5 | NLP | RP |
| B13* | M | 58 | R | 0/0 | NLP | ROP |
| B17* | M | 48 | R | 0/0 | HM | ROP |
| B02 | F | 69 | R | 7/7 | HM | Cone-rod dystrophy |
| B11 | F | 69 | R | 13/35 | HM | Juvenile macular degeneration |
| B14 | F | 62 | R | 0/0 | NLP | ROP |
| B15 | M | 40 | R | 36/36 | HM | Glaucoma (primary); cataracts (secondary) |
| B16 | F | 61 | R | 0/16 | HM | Optic atrophy |
| B18 | M | 50 | R | 0/0 | HM | Congenital cataracts |
| B19 | M | 53 | R | 20/35 | HM | Congenital infection |
| B20 | F | 63 | R | 54/56 | NLP | Diabetic retinopathy; detached retina |
| B21 | M | 69 | R | 0/15 | NLP | RP; glaucoma (secondary); detached retinas |
| B22 | F | 61 | R | 14/14 | NLP | Retinoblastoma; left eye blind at age of 3; right at 14 |
| B23 | M | 48 | R | 12/12 | NLP | Trauma |
| B24 | M | 62 | L | 0/9 | HM | Congenital cataracts; glaucoma (secondary) |
| B25 | F | 69 | R | 0/0 | NLP | Congenital optic atrophy |
| S01* | M | 33 | R | — | — | — |
| S06* | M | 41 | R | — | — | — |
| S11* | M | 32 | R | — | — | — |
| S13* | F | 58 | R | — | — | — |
| S14* | F | 52 | R | — | — | — |
| S15* | F | 46 | R | — | — | — |
| S16* | M | 48 | R | — | — | — |
| S17* | F | 68 | R | — | — | — |
| S19* | F | 43 | R | — | — | — |
| S20* | F | 51 | R | — | — | — |
| S21* | M | 58 | R | — | — | — |
| S22* | F | 44 | R | — | — | — |
| S02 | F | 22 | R | — | — | — |
| S03 | M | 25 | A | — | — | — |
| S04 | M | 27 | R | — | — | — |
| S05 | F | 25 | R | — | — | — |
| S07 | M | 26 | R | — | — | — |
| S08 | F | 22 | R | — | — | — |
| S09 | M | 28 | R | — | — | — |
| S10 | F | 22 | R | — | — | — |
| S12 | F | 19 | R | — | — | — |
| S18 | F | 24 | R | — | — | — |
aTwenty-five blind (B1–B25) and 22 sighted (S1–S22) individuals participated in the study. The blind population was heterogeneous with respect to age of onset and cause, although all had severe vision loss. R, Right-handed; L, left-handed; A, ambidextrous; NLP, no light perception; LP, best vision light perception only; HM, best vision hand-motion perception; —, missing value.
*Age-matched subgroups of 12 participants each.