Table 2.
Molecular targets that have been explored for TNF-α-based cancer therapy
| Target | Targeting ligand | Stage | Selected references |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transferrin receptor | transferrin | preclinical | (Kircheis et al. 2002a; Kircheis et al. 2002b) |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
bispecific antibody, scFv |
preclinical | (Cooke et al. 2002; Robert et al. 1996) |
| Thy 1.1 | antibody | preclinical | (Gasparri et al. 1999; Moro et al. 1997) |
| Melanoma gp240 antigen |
antibody, scFv | preclinical | (Liu et al. 2004; Rosenblum et al. 1995; Rosenblum et al. 1991) |
| Tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) |
(Fab’)2 | preclinical | (Wright et al. 1998; Xiang et al. 1997) |
| Carbohydrate structure Lewis Y (LeY) |
scFv | preclinical | (Scherf et al. 1996) |
| Extradomain B of fibronectin |
scFv | preclinical | (Borsi et al. 2003; Halin et al. 2003) |
| Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) |
scFv | preclinical | (Lyu et al. 2008; Lyu and Rosenblum 2005; Rosenblum et al. 2000) |
| Integrin αvβ3 | peptide | preclinical | (Curnis et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2008) |
| CD13 | peptide | Phase I trial | (Crippa et al. 2008; Curnis et al. 2000; Curnis et al. 2002b) |