Table 4.

Temporal Trends by Heart Failure Type in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1990–2010^a

Adjustmentb	Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction							Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
	1990–1996		1997–2003		2004–2010		PTrend	1990–1996		1997–2003		2004–2010		PTrend
	HRb	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Early riskc
Age and sex	1.00	Referent	0.80	0.61, 1.04	0.55	0.41, 0.73	0.002	1.00	Referent	1.45	0.94, 2.23	1.07	0.69, 1.66	0.14
Multivariable	1.00	Referent	0.95	0.71, 1.28	0.74	0.54, 1.03	0.14	1.00	Referent	1.58	1.00, 2.50	1.22	0.75, 1.98	0.11
Late riskd	1.00							1.00
Age and sex	1.00	Referent	0.58	0.39, 0.88	0.36	0.23, 0.56	<0.001	1.00	Referent	1.44	0.78, 2.65	1.47	0.85, 2.55	0.35
Multivariable	1.00	Referent	0.58	0.39, 0.87	0.39	0.25, 0.60	<0.001	1.00	Referent	1.38	0.75, 2.55	1.36	0.76, 2.43	0.53

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^a Hazard ratios and 95% CIs between year groups during early and late risk periods from the multiple imputation analysis.

^b Multivariable adjustment was made for age, sex, comorbid conditions, body mass index (measured as weight (kg)/height (m)²), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, Killip class, ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis, and recurrent myocardial infarction (modeled as a time-dependent covariate).

^c The early risk period was 0–7 days after myocardial infarction. Analyses were based on a total of 475 heart failure cases, 317 (67%) of whom had a reduced ejection fraction and 158 of whom had a preserved ejection fraction.

^d The late risk period was 8 days–5 years after myocardial infarction. Analyses were based on a total of 240 heart failure cases, 144 (60%) of whom had a reduced ejection fraction and 96 of whom had a preserved ejection fraction.