Table 2.

Selected research with outcomes from patient-focused perspectives

Author	Country	Sample size and subject characteristics	Research design	Intervention comparison	Length	Outcomes measures	Conclusion
Gray et al103	The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England	409 patients with schizophrenia from general adult inpatient and community care settings	Single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial	Adherence therapy (n = 205) vs health education (n = 204)	52 weeks	Quality of life, adherence, and psychopathology	No significant differences between two intervention groups at baseline or at follow-up in terms of quality of life, medication adherence, and psychopathology. Adherence therapy was no more effective than health education in improving quality of life.
Anderson et al102	United States	26 people with schizophrenia from a community mental health center	An exploratory, single-masked, randomized controlled trial	Adherence therapy (n = 12) vs treatment as usual (n = l4)	8 weeks	Psychiatric symptoms, medication adherence, and patient satisfaction	No significant improvement in symptoms and medication adherence in the adherence therapy group compared with the treatment-as-usual group at follow-up. A high degree of satisfaction with adherence therapy was reported.
Wiersma et al106	The Netherlands	63 people with schizophrenia from a community mental health center	A randomized controlled trial	Integrated treatment condition (n = 31) vs routine care (n = 32)	18 months	Quality of life and social functioning	Significant improvements in quality of life and social functioning in the experimental group receiving integrated treatment, but not in the control group receiving routine care.
Kalali107	United States	30 patients with schizophrenia randomly selected from a database of patients with psychotic disorders who were receiving quetiapine	Interview with a random sample	Quetiapine vs other antipsychotics	4 months on average (range, 1–12 months)	Patient satisfaction	87% of patients were satisfied with their experience of quetiapine; 83% of patients preferred quetiapine to all their previous medications, and 47% reported no subjective adverse effects. There was a high level of patient satisfaction and acceptability with long-term quetiapine therapy.
Weiss et al108	United States	162 outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders from an ambulatory psychotic disorders clinic	A cross-sectional and a longitudinal, prospective design	No intervention	1 year and 9 months	Working alliance, treatment adherence, psychosis, and substance use and functioning level	Working alliance was most consistently related to medication adherence during cross-sectional analysis and was the most significant predictor of active adherence and development of active adherence.