Table 6. WASH-related mortality and its economic consequences.
| Year | |||||
| 1975 Estimates (Simulated) | 2002 Estimates (from WHO data) | 2008 Estimates (from WHO data) | 2050 Projections (Simulated) | Total for future (2012–2050) | |
| WASH-related Mortality rate (deaths/thousand) | |||||
| All developing regions | 1.3 (0.6–1.3) | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.2 (0.08–0.4) | n.a |
| South Asia (SA) | 1.4 (0.9–2.5) | 0.79 | 0.61 | 0.04 (0.0–0.4) | n.a |
| Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) | 1.9 (1.6–2.4) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.8 (0.6–1.3) | n.a |
| WASH-related deaths (millions) | |||||
| All developing regions | 4.1 (2.0–7.2) | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | 64 (29–104) |
| South Asia (SA) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 1.1 | 0.97 | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) | 11 (1.9–35) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 (0.6–2.2) | 52 (26–66) |
| Economic benefits of eliminating WASH-related mortality (billions of $US) | (Simulated) | (Simulated) | (Simulated) | (Simulated) | (Simulated) |
| All developing regions | 71 (34–142) | 52 (47–176) | 42 (41–194) | 26 (0.0–1,149) | 698 (283–10,306) |
| East Asia & Pacific (EAP) | 30 (9.6–83) | 7.8 (5.6–45) | 2.4 (2.3–28) | 0.0 (0.0–5.6) | 2.4 (0.4–234) |
| Europe & Central Asia (EURCA) | 3.5 (1.0–32) | 1.0 (0.4–7.9) | 0.4 (0.4–5.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.4) | 0.8 (0.4–27) |
| Latin America & Caribbean (LAC) | 5.3 (1.9–44) | 2.5 (1.2–20) | 1.2 (1.1–13) | 0.1 (0.01–6.9) | 3.3 (1.1–101) |
| Middle East & North Africa (MENA) | 2.1 (1.2–21) | 1.8 (1.3–12) | 1.3 (1.2–10) | 0.0 (0.0–24) | 7.0 (3.9–249) |
| South Asia (SA) | 19 (11–79) | 20 (18–62) | 18 (17–97) | 1.5 (4.4–862) | 165 (42–7,304) |
| Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) | 11 (8.9–80) | 18 (18–28) | 19 (19–41) | 24 (4.4–251) | 519 (235–2,391) |
Notes: Aggregated future gains are discounted at 3%, year-specific estimates for 2050 are undiscounted.
Base case followed by low and high projections in parentheses. Low, base and high case estimates are derived using the ranges of model parameters shown in Table 4. Base case assumes linear associations between coverage and mortality rates and includes the effect of improved water coverage as well as piped water coverage.