Figure 5.

Chitin-induced defense transcript accumulation is delayed in the pldδ mutant. Col-0 and pldδ seedlings were grown in liquid culture on a microtiter plate. Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with chitin extract, and 0, 30, and 60 min later, the seedlings were harvested. Total RNA of approximately 20 seedlings was extracted per sample for transcript analysis. Transcript levels of the early MAMP-activated defense genes NHL10, FRK1, and PHI-1 were determined by quantitative PCR. Relative expression levels compared with Col-0 at the zero time control are presented. The data were normalized using At4g26410 as a reference gene. The average of three technical replicates is shown, and error bars show se. At least three independent experiments were performed with similar results.