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. 2013 Oct 9;7:161. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00161

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Copyright © 2013 Papoutsi, Sidiropoulou, Cutsuridis and Poirazi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Structure of the microcircuit that includes seven pyramidal and two interneuron models. Green arrows: excitatory connections, red arrows: inhibitory connections. Sustained activity is induced following external stimulation of the proximal apical dendrites (orange arrow). (B) Activation of 90 excitatory synapses impinging on the apical dendrite of each pyramidal neuron model with 10 synchronous events at 20 Hz when iNMDA-to-iAMPA ratio is 1.1 and dADP is 0 mV does not induce persistent firing. (C) Similar activation conditions as in (B), but with iNMDA-to-iAMPA ratio = 2.3 and dADP = 0 mV, lead to persistent activity. Persistent activity is an all-or-none phenomenon: if induced, it lasts even in the absence of stimulation for the whole duration of the simulation, namely 5 s.