Table 2.
Variable | Cases | Controls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 28,892 | N = 86,676 | |||
Demographic variables | ||||
Age (Mean, SD) | ||||
Age at index date (years) | 42.77 | 15.1 | 42.77 | 15.1 |
Gender (n,%) | ||||
male | 10878 | 37.7% | 32634 | 37.7% |
Region (n,%) | ||||
East | 6717 | 23.3% | 20151 | 23.3% |
West | 4125 | 14.3% | 12375 | 14.3% |
Mid West | 11207 | 38.8% | 33621 | 38.8% |
South | 6843 | 23.7% | 20529 | 23.7% |
Health system variables (n,%) | ||||
Medicaid | 927 | 3.2% | 1598 | 1.8% |
Commercial HMO | 7791 | 27.0% | 24280 | 28.0% |
Medicare | 942 | 3.3% | 2402 | 2.8% |
non-HMO commercial and unknown type | 19232 | 66.6% | 58396 | 67.4% |
Pre-index exposure to drugs that increase the risk of asthma (n,%) | ||||
Antibiotic exposure - 30 days | 4327 | 15.0% | 6091 | 7.0% |
Antibiotic exposure - 365 days | 14325 | 49.6% | 32227 | 37.2% |
NSAID exposure - 30 days | 942 | 3.3% | 1920 | 2.2% |
NSAID exposure - 365 days | 5094 | 17.6% | 12004 | 13.9% |
Beta blocker exposure - 30 days | 1432 | 5.0% | 3992 | 4.6% |
Beta blocker exposure - 365 days | 1906 | 6.6% | 5256 | 6.1% |
Use of unmixed-opioids – 365 days | 565 | 1.9% | 1247 | 1.4% |
Comorbidity variables in the 365 days pre-index (n,%) | ||||
Eczema | 1640 | 5.7% | 3614 | 4.2% |
Respiratory tract infection | 10424 | 36.1% | 14712 | 17.0% |
Rhinitis | 5307 | 18.4% | 5091 | 5.9% |
COPD | 1546 | 5.4% | 1042 | 1.2% |
GERD | 1674 | 5.8% | 3151 | 3.6% |
Cancer | 2003 | 6.9% | 5557 | 6.4% |
COPD : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; GERD: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
p-values for all variables < 0.05