Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics
| Years Available | Range | Middle School | High School | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Student N | Mean | (SE) | Student N | Mean | (SE) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Student Exposure to School Drug Testing Environment | ||||||||
| Testing among general student body | ||||||||
| Any testing | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 89,575 | 0.137 | (0.013) | 157,400 | 0.280 | (0.014) |
| Any for-cause testing | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 89,575 | 0.096 | (0.011) | 157,257 | 0.221 | (0.013) |
| Volume of for-cause testinga | ‘99-’11 | 1–40b; 1–210c | 8,080 | 5.802 | (0.987) | 32,425 | 16.864 | (2.557) |
| Any random testing | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 89,558 | 0.061 | (0.009) | 157,158 | 0.100 | (0.009) |
| Volume of random testinga | ‘03-’11 | 2–500b; 1–847c | 3,928 | 79.664 | 14.808 | 12,599 | 178.451 | 16.984 |
| Any random testing among all students | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 89,558 | 0.017 | (0.005) | 157,015 | 0.020 | (0.004) |
| Testing among student athletes | ||||||||
| Any testing | ‘99-’11 | 0,1 | 82,174 | 0.058 | (0.010) | 145,044 | 0.110 | (0.010) |
| Any random testing | ‘04-’11 | 0,1 | 51,146 | 0.080 | (0.014) | 93,368 | 0.105 | (0.012) |
| Testing among students in non-athletic extracurricular activities | ||||||||
| Any testing | ‘99-’11 | 0,1 | 82,174 | 0.033 | (0.008) | 144,901 | 0.069 | (0.008) |
| Any random testing | ‘04-’11 | 0,1 | 51,146 | 0.052 | (0.012) | 93,368 | 0.071 | (0.010) |
| Length of random testing implementationa | ||||||||
| Current or last school year | ‘04-’11 | 0,1 | 3,765 | 0.089 | (0.041) | 11,104 | 0.137 | (0.035) |
| 2–3 years ago | ‘04-’11 | 0,1 | 3,765 | 0.253 | (0.082) | 11,104 | 0.285 | (0.053) |
| More than 3 years ago | ‘04-’11 | 0,1 | 3,765 | 0.658 | (0.085) | 11,104 | 0.578 | (0.056) |
| Student drug use attitudes, beliefs and behaviors | ||||||||
| Perceive great risk in: | ||||||||
| Using marijuana occasionally | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 85,868 | 0.494 | (0.004) | 141,984 | 0.299 | (0.003) |
| Using marijuana regularly | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 85,580 | 0.770 | (0.004) | 141,771 | 0.603 | (0.003) |
| Disapprove of: | ||||||||
| Using marijuana occasionally | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 85,601 | 0.853 | (0.003) | 126,374 | 0.685 | (0.003) |
| Using marijuana regularly | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 85,244 | 0.897 | (0.002) | 126,182 | 0.806 | (0.002) |
| Past 30-day marijuana use | ||||||||
| Any use | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 87,815 | 0.073 | (0.002) | 154,337 | 0.185 | (0.002) |
| Use frequencyd | ‘98-’11 | 0–40 | 87,815 | 0.628 | (0.023) | 154,337 | 2.230 | (0.039) |
| Past 30-day use of illicit drugs other than marijuanae | ||||||||
| Any use | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 88,827 | 0.041 | (0.001) | 156,583 | 0.082 | (0.001) |
| Use frequency | ‘98-’11 | 0–40 | 88,827 | 0.048 | (0.002) | 156,583 | 0.104 | (0.003) |
| Student extracurricular participation | ||||||||
| School athletic teams | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 37,847 | 0.589 | (0.006) | 61,672 | 0.521 | (0.004) |
| Non-athletic extracurricular activitiesf | ‘98-’11 | 0,1 | 38,055 | 0.624 | (0.005) | 61,889 | 0.606 | (0.004) |
Notes: Middle school=8th grade; high school=10th and 12th grades combined. SE=standard error. Ns are unweighted.
Only for students in schools with any of the type of testing specified.
Range for middle school students.
Range for high school students.
Use frequency measured as follows: 0=0 occasions; 1.5=1–2 occasions, 4=3–5 occasions; 7.5=6–9 occasions; 15=10–19 occasions; 30=20–39 occasions; 40=40+ occasions.
For all grades, illicit drugs other than marijuana includes: amphetamines, LSD, other psychedelics, crack, powder cocaine, tranquilizers, and heroin. For 12th graders, this measure also includes sedatives/barbiturates and narcotics other than heroin.
Non-athletic extracurricular activities included any of: academic clubs, performing arts, student publications, and student government.