Table 3.
Aerosol antibiotic studies with Colistin, amphotericin B, and antituberculosis drugs
| Reference | Drug | Subject | Production system | Result | Dosage | LFTs | Major adverse effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jensen et al42 | Colistin | 14.2 mean years | Raindrop | Less decrease in FEV1, FVC with Colistin | One million units twice daily, 3 months/placebo | FEV1, FVC | Coughing, expectoration, rhonchi |
| Alexander et al72 | Liposomal amphotericin B | – | Hudson Updraft, LC Star, Aeroeclipse II, Small Volume nebulizer | PARI LC and Aeroeclipse II | 50 mg vials diluted in 12 mL | – | – |
| Gilani et al69 | DC-SA nanomicelles + amphotericin B | Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus Cryptococcus neoformans | Hudson London, UK |
DC-SA more effective against Cryptococcus neoformans | Amphotericin B alone in water, Fungizone, DC-SA amphotericin B | – | – |
| Nasr et al66 | Amphotericin B Nanoemulsions Intralipid® or Clinoleic® | In vitro evaluation Using a twin impinger |
PARI LC Sprint and PARI Turbo Boy S compressor |
Efficient drug loading and the Clinoleic displayed higher deposition of Amphotericin B in the lower impinge stage | Amphotericin B 25 mg added in 10 mL of Intralipid or Clinoleic nanoemulsions | – | – |
| Lu et al81 | Colistin | 165 enrolled with VAP PA and AB | Aeroneb Pro | Clinical cure rate 66% in sensitive strain and 67% in multidrug-resistant strain | 400 mg every 8 hours 7–19 days | – | – |
| Wood et al80 | VAP Aminoglycosides Colistin |
Review | Review | Review | Review | Review | Review |
| Abdulla et al71 | Rifampicin nanoparticles | Formulation evaluation | PARI LC Plus |
MMAD <5 μm in any polymer weight ratio, sustained drug release | mPEG2000-DSPE and mPEG5000-DSPE | – | – |
| Pourshahab et al63 | Isoniazid nanoparticles | PA, SA, and MI | DPI inhalation device Cyclohaler | MMAD 10 μm, Sustained drug release | Isoniazid-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate | – | – |
| Son et al57 | Rifampicin microparticles | Membrane holder method | DPI inhalation device, Aerolizer | MMAD 3.5–4.5 μm | RFDH microcrystals coated PLGA or PLA | – | – |
| Son et al70 | Rifampicin microparticles | Membrane holder method | DPI inhalation device, Aerolizer Handihaler | RFDH MMAD 2.2 μm | RFDH RFAM | – | – |
| Gonzalez-Juarrero et al101 | Isoniazid, capreomycin, and amikacin | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Intrapulmonary Microsprayer | Efficient for INH in both groups, additionally in spleen for aerosol | Isoniazid, capreomycin and amikacin 500 μg/dose 3 times weekly | – | – |
| Chan et al64 | Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide | Microparticle dissolution profile | Aerolizer | Efficient, excipient-free triple antibiotic DPI powder | Isoniazid 1.5 mg/mL, rifampicin 3 mg/mL, pyrazinamide 8 mg/mL | – | – |
| Hraiech et al107 | Squalamine, Colistin | PA, rats | Nose-only jet nebulizer (cage) | 3 μm MMAD Squalamine and 2.8 μm Colistin |
160 mg Colistin and 3 mg squalamine 6 days | – | – |
Note: Chitosan-stearic acid conjugate.
Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; AB, Acinetobacter baumannii; VAP, ventilation-associated pneumonia; MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; DPI, dry powder inhaler; RFDH, rifampicin dehydrate; PLGA, poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide); PLA, poly (DL-lactide); RFAM, amorphous rifampicin; MI, Mycobacterium intraceiiuiare; LFTs, lung function tests.