Fig. 4.
Indole depolarises the E. coli membrane in a concentration-dependent manner. E. coli W3110ΔtnaA was treated with the lipophilic dye Oxonol VI in the presence of indole (0–5 mM). Cells were observed for fluorescence by flow cytometry (panel a) and the median value of each sample plotted against indole concentration (panel b). Data presented are from a single representative experiment (see Supplementary Material Fig. 6 for biological repeats).