Table 3. Kruskal-Wallace and pair-wise Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests for significant differences in maximum shape change (PRIN 1) among the postures of the sampled taxa based on the median score of PRIN 1.

Taxon	Element	n	Median	KW Statistic	df	Asymptotic p	Mann-Whitney U
Saurischia*+Alligator	Humerus	100	−0.128	16.183	2	<0.0001	Alligator
Saurischia*+Alligator	Femur	97	−0.131	48.291	2	<0.0001	Sauropoda
Eutheria**+Monotremata	Humerus	132	−0.244	14.420	1	<0.0001	Monotremata
Eutheria**+Monotremata	Femur	127	−0.341	14.256	1	<0.0001	Monotremata

Significant differences among the taxa sampled (p<0.05) are indicated under the Mann-Whitney U column. Posture categories were: 1) non-parasagittal; 2) bipedal, parasagittal; and 3) obligate quadrupedal, parasagittal.

^*Saurischia was divided into Sauropoda (parasagittal obligate quadrupeds) and parasagittal bipeds (Theropoda (Aves inclusive)+Basal Sauropodomorpha).

^**Eutheria was treated as one postural category: parasagittal obligate quadrupeds.