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| Primer | Sequence (5′-3′) | Size (bp) |
| α-SMA | Upstream: CTGAAGAGCATCCCACCCTG Downstream: TGCGTCCAGAGGCATAGAGA | 150 |
| TGF-β1 | Upstream: GAGAAGCGGTACCTGAACCC Downstream: GGTTGCTGAGGTATCGCCAG | 132 |
| GAPDH | Upstream: TCATGGGTGTGAACCATGAGAA Downstream: GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG | 146 |
