Table 3. Multivariate environmental similarity scores (MESS) for fossils that fell outside the potential distribution of their species. Negative scores indicate the distance outside the potential niche as a percentage of the niche's size.

Subsets	Variable	N	Mean MESS	Max MESS
Total	BIO10	48	−79.6	−218.0
	BIO2	7	−26.4	−61.6
	BIO5	5	−45.7	−85.4
	BIO8	4	−206.0	−814.3
	BIO4	3	−27.2	−58.7
	BIO6	1	−1.6	−1.6
	BIO17	1	−7.9	−7.9
	BIO13	1	−25.3	−25.3
	BIO12	1	−7.5	−7.5
	BIO19	1	−16.4	−16.4
outside modern potential niche
	BIO10	18	−125.5	−218.0
	BIO5	1	−24.0	−24.0
within modern potential niche
	BIO10	30	−52.1	−149.2
	BIO2	7	−26.4	−61.6
	BIO5	4	−51.1	−85.4
	BIO8	4	−206.0	−814.3
	BIO4	3	−27.2	−58.7
	BIO6	1	−1.6	−1.6
	BIO17	1	−7.9	−7.9
	BIO13	1	−25.3	−25.3
	BIO12	1	−7.5	−7.5
	BIO19	1	−16.4	−16.4

For example, a MESS score of −1.6 on BIO6 indicates that the fossil fell 1.6% outside the niche's breadth on the BIO6 climate variable (c.f., Figure 1). Only incompatible climate variables are reported here (see Appendix S3 in Material S1 for a full summary).