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. 2013 Oct 10;7:638. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00638

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Copyright © Berman, Horovitz and Hallett.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean percent BOLD signal changes during each of the neurofeedback training runs showing significant (*p ≤ 0.05) increases within (A) the functionally localized RIC-ROI, (B) the structurally defined anatomical right and left anterior insular gyrus (see text), and (C) the functionally localized RIC-ROI of the “best performers” (n = 7), and the “best performances” (n = 5). (D) Calculation of a Lateralization Index (see text) using the structurally defined anterior insular gyrus showed no lateralization (+ = right; - = left) when evaluating all subjects, the “best performers,” and the “best performances.” Error bars shown are standard errors of the mean. RIC, right insular cortex; ROI, region of interest.