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CCMT-increased TGF-β1 expression. Endplate chondrocytes were treated with or without CCMT for 20 min. Afterwards the supernatant was harvested. Real time PCR (A) and ELISA (B) showing up regulation of TGF-β1 expression; GAPDH mRNA expression was used as an internal control for real time PCR. GAPDH protein level acted as a loading control for Western blotting. All experiments were repeated at least three times. The columns represent the mean ± SE. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs nonloading.
