Table 1.
A list of genetically encoded FRET probes.
| Classification | Target | Name of probe | Year | Probe design | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small molecule | Calcium | Cameleon | 1997 | 3-2 | Miyawaki et al., 1997 |
| Small molecule | Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) | CGY, Cygnet, pGES-DE2, cGi | 2000, 2001, 2006, 2013 | 3-1 | Sato et al., 2000; Honda et al., 2001; Nikolaev et al., 2006; Thunemann et al., 2013 |
| Small molecule | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) | Epac | 2000, 2004 | 2, 3-1 | Zaccolo and Pozzan, 2002; Nikolaev et al., 2004 |
| Small molecule | Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) | LIBRA, Fretino, FIRE | 2004, 2005, 2006 | 3-1 | Tanimura et al., 2004; Sato et al., 2005a; Matsu-ura et al., 2006 |
| Small molecule | Nitric oxide (NO) | NOA-1, Piccell | 2005, 2006 | 3-1 | Sato et al., 2005b, 2006b |
| Small molecule | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | A Team 1.03-nD/nA | 2012 | 3-1 | Imamura et al., 2009 |
| Small molecule | Estrogen | SCCoR | 2004 | 3-3 | Awais et al., 2004 |
| Small molecule | Androgen | Ficaro | 2006 | 3-3 | Awais et al., 2006 |
| Small molecule | Glucocorticoid receptor ligands | GLUCOCOR | 2007 | 3-3 | Nishi et al., 2004; Awais et al., 2007a |
| Small molecule | Neurotrophic factor | ECaus | 2008 | 3-3 | Nakajima et al., 2008 |
| Small molecule | Nuclear receptor | conpro | 2007 | 3-2 | Awais et al., 2007b |
| Small molecule | O-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) | 2006 | 3-3 | Carrillo et al., 2006 | |
| Small molecule | Vitamin A (Retinoic acid) | GEPRAS | 2013 | 3-1 | Shimozono et al., 2013 |
| Small molecule | Molybdate | MolyProbe | 2013 | 3-1 | Nakanishi et al., 2013 |
| Small molecule | Glutamate | FLIPE | 2005 | 3-1 | Okumoto et al., 2005 |
| Small molecule | Zn2+ | eCALWY-1 | 2009 | 2 | Vinkenborg et al., 2009 |
| Small molecule | Cl− | Clomeleon | 2000 | other | Kuner and Augustine, 2000 |
| Small molecule | pH | GFpH, YFpH | 2001 | other | Awaji et al., 2001 |
| Small molecule | Glucose | FLIPglu | 2003 | 3-1 | Fehr et al., 2003 |
| Small molecule | Maltose | FLIPmal | 2002 | 3-1 | Fehr et al., 2002 |
| Small molecule | Ribose | FLIPrib | 2003 | 3-1 | Lager et al., 2003 |
| Kinase | Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) | Camui α, green-Camui α, Camk2a reporter | 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013 | 3-1 | Takao et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Piljic et al., 2011; Fujii et al., 2013 |
| Kinase | Src | Srcus | 2001, 2005, 2007 | 3-3 | Ting et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2005; Hitosugi et al., 2007 |
| Kinase | Protein kinase C (PKC) | CKAR, CY-PKCdelta | 2003, 2005 | 3-3, 3-1 | Violin et al., 2003; Braun et al., 2005 |
| Kinase | Protein kinase D (PKD) | DKAR | 2007 | 3-3 | Kunkel et al., 2007 |
| Kinase | Protein kinase A (PKA) | ART, AKAR | 2000, 2001 | 3-3 | Nagai et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001 |
| Kinase | Abl | Picchu | 2001 | 3-3 | Ting et al., 2001 |
| Kinase | Bcr-Abl | Bcr-Abl activity sensor | 2010 | 3-3 | Tunceroglu et al., 2010 |
| Kinase | c-Raf | Prin-cRaf | 2005 | 3-1 | Terai and Matsuda, 2005 |
| Kinase | PAK1 | Pakabi | 2009 | 3-1 | Parrini et al., 2009 |
| Kinase | B-raf | Prin-Braf | 2006 | 3-1 | Terai and Matsuda, 2006 |
| Kinase | ZAP-70 | ROZA | 2008 | 3-3 | Randriamampita et al., 2008 |
| Kinase | Akt | Aktus, BKAR, Akind | 2003, 2005, 2007 | 3-3 | Sasaki et al., 2003; Kunkel et al., 2005; Calleja et al., 2007 |
| Kinase | ERK | Miu2, Erkus, EKAR | 2006, 2007, 2008 | 3-1, 3-3, 3-3 | Fujioka et al., 2006; Sato et al., 2007; Harvey et al., 2008a |
| Kinase | Insulin receptor | Phocus | 2002 | 3-3 | Sato et al., 2002 |
| Kinase | Epidermal Growth factor receptor (EGFR) | 2001 | 3-3 | Ting et al., 2001 | |
| Kinase | Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) | 2007 | 3-3 | Johnson et al., 2007 | |
| Kinase | Aurora B kinase | 2008 | 3-3 | Fuller et al., 2008 | |
| Kinase | Cyclin B1-CDK1 | 2010 | 3-3 | Gavet and Pines, 2010 | |
| Kinase | Myosine light chain kinase | MLCK-FIP | 2002 | 3-1 | Chew et al., 2002 |
| Kinase | JNK | JNKAR1, JUNKAR1EV | 2010, 2011 | 3-3 | Fosbrink et al., 2010; Komatsu et al., 2011 |
| Kinase | RSK | Eevee-RSK | 2011 | 3-3 | Komatsu et al., 2011 |
| Kinase | S6K | Eevee-S6K | 2011 | 3-3 | Komatsu et al., 2011 |
| Kinase | Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) | CYFAK413, FERM-sensor | 2008, 2009 | 2, 3-1 | Cai et al., 2008; Papusheva et al., 2009 |
| Kinase | PLK1 | 2008 | 3-3 | Macurek et al., 2008 | |
| Kinase | SAP3K | 2009 | 3-3 | Tomida et al., 2009 | |
| Kinase | DAPK1 | DAPK1(334)-F40 | 2011 | 3-1 | Piljic et al., 2011 |
| Phosphatase | Calcineurin | CaNAR1 | 2008, 2013 | 3-1 | Newman and Zhang, 2008; Fujii et al., 2013 |
| Small G-protein | Ras | Raichu-Ras, Fras | 2001, 2006 | 3-2, 2 | Yasuda et al., 2006; Mochizuki et al., 2001 |
| Small G-protein | Rap | Raichu-Rap | 2001 | 3-2 | Mochizuki et al., 2001 |
| Small G-protein | Rac | Raichu-Rac1 | 2004 | 3-2 | Aoki et al., 2004 |
| Small G-protein | Rab5 | Raichu-Rab5 | 2008 | 3-2 | Kitano et al., 2008 |
| Small G-protein | Rho | Raichu-RhoA | 2003, 2011 | 3-2, 2 | Yoshizaki et al., 2003; Murakoshi et al., 2011 |
| Small G-protein | Cdc42 | Raichu-cdc42 | 2004, 2011 | 3-2, 2 | Aoki et al., 2004; Murakoshi et al., 2011 |
| Small G-protein | Ral | Raichu-Ral | 2004 | 3-3 | Takaya et al., 2004 |
| Small G-protein | TC10 | Raichu-TC10 | 2006 | 3-2 | Kawase et al., 2006 |
| Signal transduction | RCC1 (GEF of Ran) | CFP-RCC1-YFP | 2008 | 3-1 | Hao and Macara, 2008 |
| Signal transduction | CrkII phosphorylation | Picchu | 2001 | 3-1 | Kurokawa et al., 2001 |
| Signal transduction | N-WASP | Stinger | 2004 | 3-1 | Lorenz et al., 2004; Ward et al., 2004 |
| Signal transduction | Adrenergic receptor | α2AAR-cam | 2003 | 3-1 | Vilardaga et al., 2003 |
| Signal transduction | Parathyroid hormone receptor | PTHR-cam | 2003 | 3-1 | Vilardaga et al., 2003 |
| Signal transduction | Plasma membrane Calcium pump | BFP-PMCA-GFP | 2007 | 3-1 | Corradi and Adamo, 2007 |
| Acetylation | Histone acetylation | Histac | 2004, 2009 | 3-3 | Lin et al., 2004; Sasaki et al., 2009 |
| Lipid | Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) | Fllip, FLIMPA | 2003, 2013 | 3-4 | Sato et al., 2003; Ueda and Hayashi, 2013 |
| Lipid | Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) | Pippi-PI(4,5)P2 | 2008 | 3-4 | Nishioka et al., 2008 |
| Lipid | Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) | Pippi-PI(3,4)P2 | 2008 | 3-4 | Nishioka et al., 2008 |
| Lipid | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) | Pippi-PI(4)P | 2008 | 3-4 | Nishioka et al., 2008 |
| Lipid | Phosphatidic acid | Pii | 2010 | 3-4 | Nishioka et al., 2010 |
| Lipid | Diacylglycerol (DAG) | Daglas, DIGDA | 2006, 2008 | 3-4 | Sato et al., 2006a; Nishioka et al., 2008 |
| Protein interaction | Actin | 2004, 2008 | 2 | Okamoto et al., 2004; Murakoshi et al., 2008 | |
| Protein interaction | PDK1-Akt interaction | 2007 | 2 | Calleja et al., 2007 | |
| Protein interaction | Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B-receptor tyrosine kinases (PTP 1B-RTKs) interaction | 2002 | 2 | Haj et al., 2002 | |
| Protein interaction | Breast cancer resistance protein/ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member (BCRP/ABCG) | 2010 | 2 | Ni et al., 2010 | |
| Protein interaction | Cofilin-actin interaction | 2008 | 2 | Homma et al., 2008 | |
| Protein interaction | PTEN-Myosin V interaction | 2009 | 2 | van Diepen et al., 2009 | |
| Protease | Caspase-3 | EGFP-DEVD-EBFP | 1998 | 1 | Xu et al., 1998 |
| Protease | Caspase-8 | CFP-c3-YFP-c6-mRFP | 2002 | 1 | Onuki et al., 2002 |
| Protease | Caspase-9 | SCAT9 | 2011 | 1 | Joseph et al., 2011 |
| Protease | Caspase-7 | VDEVDc | 2006 | 1 | Li et al., 2006 |
| Protease | Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) | YFP-MSS-CFPdisplay, MTI-MMP-FRET biosensor | 2007, 2008 | 1 | Yang et al., 2007; Ouyang et al., 2008 |
| Protease | Protease activity (Factor Xa) | 1996 | 1 | Mitra et al., 1996 | |
| Protease | Calpain activity | pYSCS | 2000 | 1 | Vanderklish et al., 2000 |
| Protease | Presenilin | GFP-PSI-RFP | 2009 | 3-1 | Uemura et al., 2009 |
| Other | Strain sensor | stFRET | 2008 | 3-1 | Meng et al., 2008 |
| Other | Membrane potential | VSFP, Mermaid, ArcLight, VSFP-Butterfly | 2001, 2008, 2012, 2013 | 3-1 | Sakai et al., 2001; Tsutsui et al., 2008; Jin et al., 2012; Akemann et al., 2013 |
| Other | Myosin II | GSldCB | 1998, 2006 | 3-1 | Suzuki et al., 1998; Zeng et al., 2006 |
| Other | HIV Rev protein | YRGnC-11ad | 2005 | 3-1 | Endoh et al., 2005 |
| Other | Redox | Redoxfluor, Gaskins | 2010, 2011 | 3-1 | Yano et al., 2010; Kolossov et al., 2011 |
The numbers in the Probe Design column correspond to the section number in the “Strategies of probe design” chapter of the main text. Names of probes are shown. See the webpage by Dr. Michiyuki Matsuda http://www.lif.kyoto-u.ac.jp/labs/fret/e-phogemon/unifret.htm for updated information.