Table 1.
Distribution of use and DSM-IV dependence symptoms by gender and age cohort
| Younger males (564) | Younger females (600) | Older males (529) | Older females (668) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use | ||||
| Alcohol | 69 (13.27 %) | 61 (11.28 %) | 320 (63.24 %) | 387 (60.47 %) |
| Tobacco | 44 (8.46 %) | 23 (4.25 %) | 229 (45.26 %) | 257 (40.22 %) |
| Cannabis | 13 (2.30 %) | 5 (0.83 %) | 105 (19.84 %) | 141 (21.11 %) |
| Dependence | ||||
| Alcohol | 0.16 (0.41) | 0.03 (0.26) | 0.42 (0.86) | 0.47 (0.94) |
| Tobacco | 0.21 (0.85) | 0.22 (1.04) | 0.81 (1.59) | 1.03 (1.73) |
| Cannabis | 0.92 (1.26) | 2.00 (0.71) | 1.37 (1.64) | 1.32 (1.46) |
| Wave 2 | ||||
| Use | ||||
| Alcohol | 403 (71.45 %) | 337 (62.83 %) | 498 (94.14 %) | 607 (90.87 %) |
| Tobacco | 200 (35.46 %) | 103 (19.03 %) | 329 (62.19 %) | 265 (39.67 %) |
| Cannabis | 185 (32.80 %) | 119 (19.83 %) | 258 (48.77 %) | 245 (36.67 %) |
| Dependence | ||||
| Alcohol | 1.08 (1.55) | 0.76 (1.37) | 1.54 (1.65) | 1.18 (1.61) |
| Tobacco | 2.22 (2.09) | 2.53 (1.97) | 2.24 (2.00) | 2.70 (1.93) |
| Cannabis | 1.23 (1.52) | 1.01 (1.35) | 1.11 (1.51) | 1.01 (1.44) |
Table shows prevalence of use [N (%)] and the mean and SD [mean (SD)] of observed DSM-IV symptom counts for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis among the identified drug users. Note: Bolded values indicate instances in which the mean level of symptom endorsed in male and female drug users within the same age cohort is significantly different (Mann–Whitney U p-value < 0.05)