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miRNA biogenesis. The pri-miRNA is cleaved to generate a 70–100 nucleotide long hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA by the complex Drosha/DGCR8, in the nucleus. The pre-miRNA is shuttled to the cytoplasm by Exportin 5 and then processed by the ribonuclease III Dicer, to form the mature 22-nt miRNA:miRNA* duplex. Afterwards, one strand of the duplex, the mature single-stranded miRNA, is incorporated into the RISC complex.
