Table 1.

miRNAs in adaptive immunity. HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; DN, double negative; DP, double positive; SP, single positive.

	MicroRNA	Expression	Targets	Function	Related alterations	References
T-cell development	miR-125b	↑ in HSC	Bak	Regulation of HSC compartment size	HSC exhaustion	[29–33]
	miR-181	↑ in DN and DP cells; ↓ in SP and mature T-cells	Dusp5, Dusp6, Shp2, Ptpn22	B-cell lineage differentiation	↑ in SLE	[34–36]
	miR-150	↑ DP CD8+ cells ↓ DN CD8+ cells	Notch3	T-cell development	↓in T-CLL	[20]
B-cell development	miR-17-92	↑ in progenitor B-cells; ↓ in mature B-cells	Pten, Bim	Defective central memory development	↑ B-cell lymphomas	[46,47]
	miR-150	↑ resting B-cells	cMyb	Impaired B1 cell maturation and Ab response	↓ B-cell lymphomas	[37,38]
	miR-34a	↓ pro-B lymphocytes	FoxP1	Required for pro-B to pre-B-cell transition	↑ B-cell lymphomas	[48]
	miR-155	↑ activated mature B-cells	Ship, C/EbpB, Hdac4	Impaired germinal center B-cell response	↑ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	[13,49,50]
	miR15a-16	↑ CD5+ B-cells	Bcl2	Defect in apoptosis	↓ in B-CLL	[51]
T-cell function	miR-125b	↑ naïve CD4+ T-cells	Ifng, IL10Ra, IL2Rb, Prdm1	Differentiation of effector T-cells	↓ in SLE	[44]
	miR-182	↑ activated T-cells	Foxo1	Altered T-cell induced inflammation	Altered Treg mediated control of Th2 response	[43]
	miR155	↑ activated CD4+ T-cells	cMaf	Th lineage decisions: KO mice shows ↑ Th2 cells and ↓ Th1 and Th17 cells	↑ in SLE and RA	[13,52]
	miR-146a	↑ CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells	Irak1, Traf6, Fadd	Modulation of IL-2 production and AICD	↑ in RA and ↓ in SLE	[18,52–55]
	miR-17-92	↑ CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells	Pten, Bim	Defect in apoptosis	Lymphoproliferation	[46,56]
Treg cells	miR-10a	↑ Treg	Bcl6, Ncor2	Altered Th17 differentiation	Breakdown of peripheral tolerance	[57]
	miR-155	↑ Treg	Socs1	Altered Treg proliferation and homeostasis	Defect in Treg cell-mediated tolerance	[58–60]
	miR-146a	↑ Treg	Stat1	Altered Treg number, compromised suppressor activity	Autoimmunity due to altered Treg-mediated control of Th1 response	[61]