Table 1.

Phenolic compounds produced and accumulated in the grape berry [3,5–7,9,10,27–34].

Compound	Level of synthesis a			Location	Berry phenological scale b
	Skin	Flesh	Seed		Blooming	Green stage	Veraison	Ripening
Nonflavonoids
Hydroxycinnamic acids	++	+++	++	Hypodermal cells and placental cells of the pulp; primarily in the vacuoles of mesocarp cells.	+++	+++	+	+
Hydroxybenzoic acids	+	−	++
Stilbenes	+++	+	++	Berry skin and seeds.	−	+	++	+++
Flavonoids
Flavonols	++	−	−	Dermal cell vacuoles of the skin tissue and cell wall of skin and seeds.	++	+	+++	++
Flavan-3-ols	++	+	+++	Specific vacuoles of hypodermal skin cells and seed coat soft parenquima.	+	++	+++	++
Anthocyanins	+++	− *	−	Cell layers below the epidermis; storage confined to the vacuoles and cytoplasmic vesicles named anthocyanoplasts.	−	−	+	+++

^a,bVery abundant compound (+++) to absent (−);

^*Teinturiers contain anthocyanis also in mesocarp cells.