Table 2.

Association between proteinuria and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels

Proteinuria	AKI stage I S. NGAL (pg/mL)	AKI stage II S. NGAL (pg/mL)	ARF S. NGAL (pg/mL)
Nil	294.61 ± 356.20	294.61 ± 356.20	294.61 ± 356.20
≥0.3 g/24 hours	3799.88 ± 3504.37	4821.82 ± 4465.93	1245.0 ± 0.0
≥2 g/24 hours	4844.19 ± 5137.57	11176.63 ± 3761.05	10798.79 ± 2916.01
≥3–5 g/24 hours	11343.0 ± 3316.24	12175.95 ± 2944.55	12106.38 ± 3325.28
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Note: The comparisons between the different categories have been done using the Kruskal–Wallis test (nonparametric analog of analysis of variance).

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; ARF, acute renal failure; S. NGAL, serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.