Table 2.
Maternal and fetal outcome variables for mothers who adhere to (ADHERE) and exceed (EXCEED) GWG recommendations
| Maternal endpoints | GWG ADHERE | GWG EXCEED |
|---|---|---|
| IGF-I exp (log % IC) | 2.32 (0.1) | 2.24 (0.1) |
| IGF-II exp (log % IC) | 3.03 (0.3) | 2.95 (0.2) |
| IGFBP-1 exp (log % IC) | 2.09 (0.1) | 2.1 (0.1) |
| IGFBP-3 exp (log % IC) | 1.95 (0.2) | 2.16 (0.3)* |
| IGFBP-4 exp (log % IC) | 2.22 (0.1) | 2.08 (0.1) |
| Maternal insulin (log pg/mL) | 2.67 (0.1) | 2.81 (0.3) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.68 (0.5) | 4.10 (0.4) |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 16,659.50 (11,300.0) |
29,560.33 (16,119.8)* |
| Fetal endpoints | ||
| IGF-I exp (log % IC) | 1.87 (0.2) | 1.67 (0.3) |
| IGF-II exp (log % IC) | 1.92 (0.1) | 1.92 (0.0) |
| IGFBP-1 exp (log % IC) | 1.95 (0.1) | 2.02 (0.1) |
| IGFBP-3 exp (log % IC) | 2.23 (0.2) | 2.19 (0.1) |
| IGFBP-4 exp (log % IC) | 2.11 (0.2) | 2.04 (0.1) |
| Cord insulin (log pg/mL) | 2.61 (0.3) | 2.83 (0.2) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.56 | 3.01 (0.1) |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 182,70.71 (12319.1) |
25,837.75 (18,038.3) |
Notes: Data presented mean (standard deviation).
*
Denotes P ≤ 0.05.
Abbreviations: IGF, insulin-like growth factor; exp, protein expression relative to IC; GWG, gestational weight gain; IC, internal control; IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein.