Table 5. Factors influencing HRQOL in children with FC.

Factors	Score of the Generic Core Scale
	Physical	Emotional	Social	School	Summary
Age (year)	0.14	0.32	—		0.21
Child - caregiver relationship	—	—	—	—	0.19
Caregiver education level 9–12 years	0.68	0.38	0.35	0.48	0.53
≥ 13 years	1.11	0.73	0.89	0.57	1.24
Caregiver’s HRQOL	0.48	0.35	0.32	—	0.36
Family economic status	—	0.26	0.15	—	0.16
Duration of constipation(months)	-0.23	-0.19	-0.39	-0.35	-0.39
Frequency of defecation(times/week)	0.36	0.41	0.26	0.29	0.42
Painful defecation occurrence	-1.26	-1.15	-0.88	-0.92	-1.28
Non-specific abdominal pain	-0.47	-0.30	-0.33	-0.27	-0.43
Determination coefficient R 2	0.76	0.49	0.57	0.58	0.73

Notes: (1) Multiple step-wise regression analysis was used to select factors that influenced the HRQOL in children with FC, using scores of physical, emotional, social, school, and the summary score of the Generic Core Scale as dependent variables. Age (years), gender, caregiver education level, child-caregiver relationship, family economic status, duration of constipation (months), frequency of defecation (times/week), painful defecation, non-specific abdominal pain and HRQOL scores were used as independent variables (2). The data listed in Table 5 was standardized partial regression coefficient; the ” — ” symbol indicates that this factor cannot enter the regression model. All standardized partial regression coefficients listed in the table were statistically significant (p < 0.05) (3). Caregiver’s HRQOL was the total score of the physical, emotional, social and cognitive scores of FIM.