Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | Full cohort (N = 2,065) | Cohort A (N = 1,835)* | Cohort B (N = 1,157)† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.9 ± 17.2 | 41.8 ± 17.2 | 41.4 ± 17.0 |
| Male (%) | 1,205 (58.4) | 1,064 (58.0) | 696 (60.2) |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||
| Chinese | 1,471 (71.2) | 1,311 (71.4) | 843 (72.9) |
| Malay | 255 (12.3) | 229 (12.5) | 135 (11.7) |
| Indian | 165 (8.0) | 144 (7.9) | 84 (7.3) |
| Other | 174 (8.4) | 151 (8.2) | 95 (8.2) |
| Comorbid conditions (%) | |||
| Stroke | 7 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) |
| Dementia | 8 (0.4) | 6 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 209 (10.1) | 191 (10.4) | 112 (9.7) |
| Hypertension | 327 (15.8) | 296 (16.1) | 178 (15.4) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 114 (5.5) | 97 (5.3) | 66 (5.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 101 (4.9) | 94 (5.1) | 53 (4.6) |
| Chronic heart failure | 19 (0.9) | 18 (1.0) | 14 (1.2) |
| Asthma | 84 (4.1) | 74 (4.0) | 42 (3.6) |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 12 (0.6) | 9 (0.5) | 8 (0.7) |
| Bronchiectasis | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Chronic renal failure | 34 (1.7) | 34 (1.7) | 15 (1.3) |
| Cancer | 21 (1.0) | 18 (1.0) | 11 (1.0) |
| Arthritis | 11 (0.5) | 11 (0.6) | 11 (0.5) |
| Presence of bacterial coinfection (%) | 83 (4.0) | 78 (4.3) | 52 (4.5) |
*
Cohort A: Cohort of patients with complete data for the DDIS, including both the derivation and validation sets.
†
Cohort B: Cohort of patients with complete data for the DDIS used for the derivation set.